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Experimental and theoretical studies on the applied voltage-displacement characteristics of a piezoelectric series type bimorph were performed. The displacement increased with an increase in the applied voltage until dielectric breakdown. An electric field higher than its coercive field (E c) can be applied to the bimorph, because its poling direction is opposite to the field, owing to an electric charge balance between its two layers. On the other hand, the displacement of a parallel-type bimorph fell to zero when the applied voltage per unit length equalled E c. The series-type bimorph displayed larger displacement and higher reliability than the parallel-type bimorph.

To date, various connection rerouting methods for connection-oriented mobile networks have been proposed. The previous methods, however, are limited to specific topologies or environments. In this paper, we propose the connection-information-based rerouting widely applicable to various connection-oriented mobile networks. This method requires neither a specific topology nor a complex connection, enables fast rerouting, provides appropriate route optimality, and can be extended easily.

The structures of piezoelectric ceramics with the composition of Cr-doped Pb(ZrxTil-)03 were studied by XRD and TEM. The co-existence of the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases was observed in the region 0.52

A second harmonic mode in a piezoelectric plate with an internal electrode is analyzed by means of the finite element method. This paper shows that although energy-trapping cannot be realized in a PbTiO3 piezoelectric plate for a fundamental mode, it is possible for a second mode.