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In recent years, attention has been focused on woody biomass energy from the viewpoint of reducing environmental burden and effective use of local energy resources. However, the knowledge concerning the drying of the wood which becomes the fuel is poor, and it depends on the experience of the technician. Therefore, it is beneficial to develop a method that can obtain optimum drying and combustion conditions. However, in the drying process, complicated phenomena must be considered, and analysis of the drying process is difficult. In this study, we focused attention on the viewpoint of heat transfer considering evaporation. To establish a simple analysis method of the drying process, a heat transfer analysis program modeling the drying of wood balls containing moisture was created and analyzed. An experimental apparatus was also fabricated, and a dry experiment of filling wood ball group containing moisture was carried out. Numerical analysis of the temperature responses of spheres and air currents when hot air is flowed through a filled wooden group containing moisture and the drying process of the filled wood ball group was investigated. We compared the numerical analysis results obtained from the simulation with the temperature response characteristics by experiments on wood balls. In addition to investigating the validity of the simulation, the predictability of the dry completion time was evaluated.

ABSTRACT:The reaction of tetra(p-tolyl)porphyrinato titanium (IV) oxide (2) with 4,7-diethyl-5,6-dimercaptobenzo[1,2,3] trithiole (3a) produced the corresponding titanium (IV) complex, tetra(ptolyl)porphyrinato titanium (IV) trithiolobenzenedithiolate (4a), fused with a trithiole ring. Related compounds 4b and 4c were prepared by a similar reaction of 2 with 5,8-diethyl-6,7-dimercaptobenzo[1,4] dithiin (3b) and 3,6-diethyl-4,5-dimercapto-1,2-bis(2-cyanoethylthio)benzene (3c). The structure of 4b was determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 4c was further treated with cesium hydroxide to produce the corresponding dithiolate anion 4c2S -, which was deposited on the gold electrode. The electrochemical property of the gold electrode was determined by cyclic voltammetry. The structure of simplified model compound 4b′ was optimized using the DFT method with the Gaussian 09 program. The optimized structure was utilized to calculate the NMR chemical shifts, the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, and the electronic transition in the absorption spectrum.