Twenty-six synthetic glycosides constituting aglycons of the main tea aroma compounds ((Z)-3-hexenol, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, methyl salicylate, geraniol, linalool, and four isomers of linalool oxides) were synthesized in our laboratory as authentic compounds. Those compounds were used to carry out a direct qualitative and quantitative determination of the glycosides as aroma precursors in different tea cultivars by capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses after trifluoroacetyl conversion of the tea glycosidic fractions. Eleven beta-D-glucopyranosides, 10 beta-primeverosides (6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) with aglycons as the above alcohols, and geranyl beta-vicianoside (6-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) were identified (tentatively identified in the case of methyl salicylate beta-primeveroside) in fresh tea leaves and quantified on the basis of calibration curves that had been established by using the synthetic compounds. Primeverosides were more abundant than glucosides in each cultivar we investigated for making green tea, oolong tea, and black tea. Separation of the diastereoisomers of linalool and four isomers of linalool oxides by GC analyses is also discussed.

Genetic relationships among traits recorded on breeding females and carcass traits of fattening animals in Japanese Black cattle were estimated using REML procedure under multiple-trait animal models. Traits analyzed were five exterior judging traits, three body measurements at registry judgment, two reproductive traits (age at first calving, AFC; average calving interval, ACI) of breeding females and five carcass traits collected in Hiroshima prefecture. Heritabilities of exterior judging traits, body measurements and carcass traits were estimated at moderate to high, while those of reproductive traits were very low. Genetic correlations among exterior judging traits and body measurements were high when the ratio of body weight to withers height was not included in analytical model. Generally exterior judging traits, body measurements and carcass traits correlated favorably with AFC. However carcass beef marbling score correlated unfavorably with ACI. Because selection on carcass traits will be more intense, considerations will be necessary on ACI.

Heritabilities of body measurementsof replacement heifers and carcass traits of fattened animals, and genetic correlations among them were estimated using two-trait restricted maximum likelihood procedures with sire-maternal grandsire models between all pairwise combinations of carcass traits and the measurements. Carcass traits were from 4,676 animals fattened in Kagoshima prefecture, slaughtered and graded at five carcass markets.They were progeny of 98 bulls used as sires and/or maternal

Thirty-one animals including Japanese Black (9 steers), Holstein (8 steers examine the effects of breed, sex and anatomical location on the lipid and fatty acid composition of intermuscular fat in the carcasses at a constant slaughter weight, Intermuscular fat samples were taken from the shoulder, loin, rump, brisket and flank regions of each carcass, respectively. Total lipid content was significantly affected by breed and location. Japanese Black had a greater total lipid content than other breeds. Of locations, the flank was greatest in the total lipid content and the brisket was least. As to the lipid composition, the percentage of TG was significantly affected by sex and location, and that of PL. was affected by location. Heifers had a higher percentage of TG than steers. The flank intermuscular fat had the highest percentage of TG and the lowest percentage of PL. The fatty acid compositions of TG, FFA and PL classes were significantly affected by breed, sex and/or location, although some exceptions were observed. In addition, the differences recognized in the fatty acid composition were fairly common to these classes. The principal features were as follows: (1) Japanese Black were higher in the percentages of C 18:1 and TUSF, and C 18/C 16 ratio than Holstein, and the reverse was true for the saturated fatty acids, such as C 14:0, C 16:0 and C 18:0 acids. F1 animals had intermediate values between two breeds for these fatty acids; (2) steers were higher in the percentages of the saturated fatty acids in TG and PL classes than heifers; (3) the flank intermuscular fat contained more saturated fatty acids than other locations. These results suggest that in intermuscular fat, the fatty acid composition of each lipid class varied with the factors considered in present study, and the breed effect was most remarkable. In addition, the differences in the fatty acid composition among breeds or between sexes showed a similar tendency to those of subcutaneous fat.

No abstract