Because urinary continence is an essential indicator for quality of life for older adults in long-term care, it is important to accurately assess and treat those at risk for incontinence. This evaluation study was to increase understanding of the issues related to the implementation of bladder scanners while exploring nursing staff knowledge about continence care of older adults in long-term care settings. Using a mixed-methods design, nursing care staff (RN, LPN, Care Aide) at six long-term care homes completed a bladder care knowledge survey and participated in focus group discussions to explore continence care knowledge and use of bladder scanners to manage continence issues. Twenty-eight nursing care staff participated; findings showed continence care knowledge varied by profession, and the use of portable bladder scanners is affected by knowledge, training, and scopes of practice. Going forward, exploring scopes of practice and education are needed for effective assessment, management, and treatment of continence.

Four regional viral hepatitis clinics in British Columbia provide accessible integrated care and services but have not been evaluated. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess clients' perceptions of the quality of care and services received, what aspects of care were important, and what the effect of care was on their ability to cope. Clients who had received care at one of the clinics were surveyed by using two self-administered questionnaires. The Hepatitis C Virus Questionnaire asked clients to rate five aspects of care related to general clinic, physician, and nurse services. The open-ended questions of the Aspects of Care Questionnaire explored clients' perceptions of the aspects of care considered to be the most and least helpful. The response rate was 55% (115 of 210). The highest rated items were with the professional aspects of care, whereas the lowest rated were with the educational items. Only 46.3% of the clients felt that the clinic staff taught them the necessary skills to cope with their disease. The results showed that the courtesy, continuity of care, and educational aspects of care had significant differences by age, antiviral treatment status, genotype, and gender (p < .05). Although the clients valued the professional aspects of care, findings highlight the need for improved communication, follow-up, and education about coping and managing hepatitis C. Results will be helpful for improving integrated service delivery.

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