Abstract-Energy efficiency is one of the major concerns in designing protocols for WSNs. One of the energy-efficient communication protocols for this network is LEACH that works on cluster-based homogeneous WSNs. Though LEACH is energy-efficient but it does not take security into account. Because WSNs are usually deployed in remote and hostile areas, security becomes a concern in designing a protocol. In this paper we present our security analysis of five security protocols that have been proposed to strengthen LEACH protocols. Those protocols are SLEACH, SecLEACH, SC-LEACH, Armor LEACH and MS-LEACH.

The commonly unattended and hostile deployments of WSNs and their resource-constrained sensor devices have led to an increasing demand for secure energy-efficient protocols. Routing and data aggregation receive the most attention since they are among the daily network routines. With the awareness of such demand, we found that so far there has been no work that lays out a secure routing protocol as the foundation for a secure data aggregation protocol. We argue that the secure routing role would be rendered useless if the data aggregation scheme built on it is not secure. Conversely, the secure data aggregation protocol needs a secure underlying routing protocol as its foundation in order to be effectively optimal. As an attempt for the solution, we devise an energy-aware protocol based on LEACH and ESPDA that combines secure routing protocol and secure data aggregation protocol. We then evaluate its security effectiveness and its energy-efficiency aspects, knowing that there are always trade-off between both.

Abstract-In order to conserve wireless sensor network (WSN) lifetime, data aggregation is applied. Some researchers consider the importance of security and propose secure data aggregation protocols. The essential of those secure approaches is to make sure that the aggregators aggregate the data in appropriate and secure way. In this paper we give the description of ESPDA (Energy-efficient and Secure Pattern-based Data Aggregation) and SRDA (Secure Reference-Based Data Aggregation) protocol that work on cluster-based WSN and the deep security analysis that are different from the previously presented one.

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Waste pickers search for and collect recyclable waste to be handed to other parties can reprocessed them into goods of new values. However, the information of the locations of those materials is not always present. The availability of this information can reduce the time of searching, increase the number of collected materials and therefore raise waste pickers income. The purpose of this work is to develop an information system model of recyclable waste availability. This model based on SWOT Analysis where data environment internal and external faced situation and condition. Build design of use case high-level to be as a grand design management, database, and user interface where a structured approach using prototype method. Input of this model is data where comes from the local society and is validated & verified by the local government and output of the model is information provided in texts and geographics map. This model is an effort to help waste pickers to obtain information about potential areas of waste sourced from the society together with the local government.