Sikkim is a small state in the eastern Himalayas. A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in the state. A two stage sampling procedure was adopted. In stage one, all villages in the state were listed and 249 were randomly selected for the survey. In stage two, households, were randomly selected from the selected villages using the electoral lists. The basic sampling unit was a household and all members of the households were studied. A total of 17,837 subjects were studied from 3,197 households of 249 villages. Overall prevalence of goitre and cretinism in the community as a whole, were 54.03% and 3.46% respectively. Of the population studied, 5939 were children in the age group of 5 to 16 years. There were 3,005 boys and 2,934 girls. Goitre was detected in 3,381 (56.9%). Goitre prevalence in the boys was 55.4% and in girls it was 58.5% (p = < 0.05). Grade I goitre was seen in 2,472 (73.1%), grade II in 888 (26.3%) and grade III in 21 (0.6%). Endemic cretinism was diagnosed in 175 subjects (2.9%). Cretinism prevalence in the boys was 3.1%, and in girls in was 2.8% and this difference was not significant. Neurological; cretinism was the predominant form (98.3%). Estimation of urinary iodine concentration in 167 subjects revealed the mean concentration to be 3.64 u/dl (SD 2.47). The median value was ug/dl indicating the skewed distribution of the urinary iodine concentration. The study shows the existence of severe iodine deficiency in the school-aged children of Sikkim.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chronic gastroduodenitis (CGD) is one of the most common diseases in children. Current data on the prevalence and incidence of CGD in children vary greatly from different sources, and therefore it is difficult to form strategies aimed at preventing CGD at an early age, which leads to an increase in the number of patients with late diagnoses, as well as a decrease in the quality of life of patients and their families, and has significant socio-economic consequences. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of CGD among children living in the large administrative center of the Central Federal District, the city of Yaroslavl. A retrospective analysis of the clinical, endoscopic and morphological status of the upper digestive tract in children with chronic digestive diseases examined in the conditions of the consultative and diagnostic center (CDC) of the Regional Children's Clinical Hospital (RCCH) for the period 2017-2021 was carried out. Based on the data obtained, the following statistical indicators were calculated: gender-age composition of patients with CGD, morbidity, prevalence for specific annual indicators and age groups. At the time of the retrospective analysis, 2,416 children were diagnosed with CGD. In 2021, the incidence was 4.92 per 1,000 children, and the prevalence was 20.61 per 1,000 children, these indicators change every year in waves. Our data on the prevalence of CGD in the city of Yaroslavl are underestimated and have a wide spread in different age categories. The problem raised in our study requires in-depth study on additional samples of children in this region.

Chronic gastroduodenitis (CGD) is one of the most common diseases in children. Current data on the prevalence and incidence of CGD in children are contradictory. Currently, no work has been carried out to assess the prevalence and incidence of CGD in a multicenter study in Russia. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of CGD in terms of prevalence using meta-analysis among children aged 0-17 years living in the city of Yaroslavl and large districts of the Yaroslavl region. The research material was the indicators of statistical reporting of medical institutions of the region for 2017-2021. At the same time, the figures are higher than the data of local works on the territory of the Russian Federation. According to our study, the cumulative incidence at the end of 2021 ranged from 7.3% to 11.4% in some districts of the Yaroslavl Region of the Central Federal District, while in some age subgroups this figure exceeds 16%. CGD is a common disease of the upper digestive tract (UDT) in children living in the studied territories (from 15% to 26%). At the same time, in the age groups of 6-7 years and 13-14 years, this indicator exceeds the average value in all the studied territories, and in some it exceeds 53%, which reflects the insufficient level of effectiveness of clinical diagnostic programs for the early detection of CGD in children and will further increase the prevalence of CGD in the general population, especially among children from 3 to 14 years old.