India is among the countries that carry the highest burden for tuberculosis. Antitubercular drugs are frequently associated with ocular toxicity. Among ATT, ethambutol is the most commonly implicated drug causing optic neuropathy. For assessing spectrum of ATT induced ocular toxicity, clinical presentation, monitoring, and preventive measures a prospective observational follow up study was conducted. Materials and Methods: A newly diagnosed drug susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis patients referred to ophthalmology OPD during a study period from May 2018 -October 2019 at a tertiary care hospital. The detailed history, best corrected visual acuity, fundus examination, color vision test and visual fields were carried out in all patients at the start of treatment and thereafter every month up to 6 months after initiation of ATT. Results: During six month follow up study, out of 94 study participants, 14 eyes of seven patients (7.44%) had drop in visual acuity from baseline (p value = 0.03). Total 10 eyes of five patients (5.32%) had developed colour vision abnormality (p=0.001) and 8 eyes of four patients had developed optic disc changes from baseline. Visual field defects were noted in ten (5.32%) eyes (p = 0.001). In our study ATT related ocular toxicity was found in 5.32% on standard HRZE drug regimen. Conclusion:The course of ethambutol-induced ocular toxicity is unpredictable. The early recognition of ocular toxicity is paramount to prevent irreversible visual loss.

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High myopia is a risk factor for a number of retinal pathologies. OCT is very useful in eyes with high myopia and allows the detection of subtle macular changes that are otherwise undetectable. Aim: To evaluate relationship between the axial length, refractive error and macular thickness in subjects with high myopia. Study Design: Cross sectional observational single centric study. Materials and Methods: 50 diagnosed patients of high myopia(refractive error>= -6 dioptres and/or axial length>=24 mm) along with a control of 50 emmetropic patients were included. Patient's anterior segment evaluation was done by slit lamp. Detailed fundus evaluation was done with indirect ophthalmoscopy and with +78 Dioptre lens along with measuring BCVA (Best corrected Visual Acuity). Axial length was measured using contact biometry. OCT was performed with TOPCON SD-OCT. Average macular thickness, central foveal thickness and total macular volume measured using 3D macula scan of all the cases and controls. Statistical Analysis: Unpaired t test.Results: The mean axial length was 27.40 mm among cases (SD±0.99) and 22.84 mm among controls (SD±0.422). The mean macular volume in cases was 6.90 and in controls was 7.82. The macular volume decreased with increasing axial length (ρ=-0.673) and increasing spherical equivalent (ρ=-0.035). The average macular thickness was inversely correlated with axial length (ρ=-0.605) and directly correlated with spherical equivalent (ρ=-0.049).The mean central subfield foveal thickness was 170.10 µm amongcases and 158.34µm among controls. The axial length and central foveal thickness were found to be positively correlated (ρ=0.727). Conclusion: Average macular thickness and total macular volume are inversely correlated to the degree of myopia, whereas central foveal thickness is positively correlated to the degree of myopia.

Glaucoma is second leading cause of blindness in world. Various treatment modalities are available for glaucoma management. Thus, the question arises whether SLT can be interchangeably used in place of medical drugs or not. To examine the effect of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as a replacement therapy for medically controlled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. A longitudinal study SLT was performed in 30 eyes of 15 patients with medically controlled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases from June 2018 to October 2019 and with no previous history of glaucoma surgery. Data were recorded 1 hr, 1day, 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months after SLT. The primary outcome was number of medications at 6 months while maintaining a predetermined target intraocular pressure (IOP). Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) reduced number of medications from a mean of 1.6 at baseline to 0.17 after 6 months. Meanwhile, SLT achieved more than 20% IOP lowering in 100% of eyes after 6 months. Eighty seven percent of our eyes no longer needed any medication after SLT at 6 months.Selective laser trabeculoplasty was able to completely replace medical therapy in 87% of eyes after 6 months. Medically managed POAG patients who underwent SLT, maintained good IOP control with less medications, better compliance, reduced side effects and financial burden.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the adult population of India. Diagnosis and management depends on categorization of Glaucoma into open or closed angle. : To compare the accuracy of Gonioscopy and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (ASOCT) in studying the structures of anterior chamber angle of the eye and find out the agreement between them in detecting angle closure. Cross -sectional observational study. The present study is a hospital based cross-sectional study of patients between 20 to 80 years of age with Glaucoma attending the outdoor patient department in a tertiary care government hospital (New civil hospital), Surat. Patients having Corneal Opacity, and anti-Glaucoma surgeries done were excluded. All diagnosed cases of Glaucoma were evaluated by Gonioscopy in the dark with a Goldman 3 mirror lens Gonioscope at high (16x) magnification for static assessment (without indentation). A narrow slit beam, 2mm* 1mm, was cast during Gonioscopy, avoiding direct illumination over the pupil. The angle in each quadrant was graded with the Shaffer grading system. Anterior Segment OCT was done by TOPCON 3D OCT-1 MAESTRO machine. Imaging was performed in dark room conditions. Patients were imaged gazing straight ahead. Imaging of a single meridional section of the Anterior Chamber Angle at superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants were performed. Grading of Anterior Chamber Angles on AS-OCT is termed as Closed if there is no visualization of Scleral Spur and/or any degree of irido-trabecular contact. kappa value, sensitivity & specificity, positive & negative likelihood ratio. Total 50 Glaucoma patients were examined by Gonioscopy and AS OCT. Total number of Angles examined were 400. Total number of Angles closed on Gonioscopy were 136 (34%). Total number of Angles closed on AS OCT were 190 (47.5%). Agreement between Gonioscopy and AS OCT in detecting angle closure in all 4 quadrants was ‘Moderate to Good’ by Kappa Value.