Energy assessment based on a system of parameters (energy value, energy input, energy output, energy efficiency) in spring forage pea production under influence of organic products (bioinsecticides NeemAzal and Pyrethrum, foliar biofertiliser Biofa, growth regulator Polyversum) and synthetic products (insecticide Nurele D Chlorsyrine 550 EC and growth regulator Flordimex) was performed for three years period. The alone and combined treatment with organic and synthetic products was applied once (at stage of budding) and twice (at budding and flowering) for total of 24 variants. It was established that alone and combined application of organic products is characterized with lower energy consumption (8432.56 MJ ha -1) compared to cultivation with use of synthetic products (8533.81 MJ ha -1). In regard to amount of energy output trend are reverseraised values of gross energy, metabolizable energy and net energy under use of synthetic products. Balance between energy input and output determined as most effective combined treatment with organic products Biofa+Pyrethrum that led to increase of coefficient of energy efficiency (for metabolizable energy and net energy) on average by 22.4% to untreated control followed by combined treatment with synthetic products Flordimex+Nurele D (increase with 21.9%). For conditions of organic production could be recommended and combined use of organic products Polyversum+Pyrethrum and Polyversum+NeemAzal (excess of coefficient for metabolizable energy and net energy to control by 20.6 and 16.5%). Combined use of products as well as their double application as factors contributed to increase of energy efficiency in spring forage pea production.

A field experiment was conducted at Trakia University -Stara Zagora to establish the effect of some growth retardants on morphological and productive parameters in spring pea for grain variety Bogatir. Three combined preparations: Trisalvit (phenylphthalamic acid + chlorocholine chloride + chlorophenoxyacetic acid +salicylic acid) at doses of 300 and 400 сm з *ha -1 ; SM-21 (phenylphthalamic acid + chlorocholine chloride) at doses of 300 and 400 сm з *ha -1 and PNSA-44 (phenylphthalamic acid + naphthaleneacetic acid + chlorophenoxyacetic acid) at doses of 200 and 300 сm з *ha -1 were applied in the early growth phase of the plant up to a height of 15-20 cm. The study showed that the greatest reduction in the stem height (by 12.8% compared to untreated plants) was achieved by applying SM-21 (400 сm з *ha -1 ). The application of growth regulators Trisalvit and SM-21 had no appreciable effect on the production of spring pea grain. Maximum values of yield structure components (number of pods and grain per plant, grain mass per plant and mass of 1000 grain) and the yield were obtained after application of PNSA-44 (300 сm з *ha -1 ) -up to 5.6% (117.2 kg*ha -1 ) more grain than the control. The investigation of the influence of tested factors (retardant, dose and year) demonstrated that the conditions of the year as a factor had the strongest effect on plant height and grain yield.Key Word: spring pea, retardants, height of the stem, yield structure elements, productivity РЕЗЮМЕ В Тракийски университет -гр. Стара Загора е проведен полски опит за установяване ефекта на някои растежни регулатори върху морфологичните и продуктивни показатели при пролетен грах за зърно сорт Богатир. Комбинираните препарати: Трисалвит (фенилфталаминова киселина + 1 837Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2012, 13(4), p.837-849 DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/13.4.1138 хлорхолинхлорид + феноксиоцетна киселина + салицилова киселина) в дози 300 и 400 с сm з *ha -1 ; СМ-21 (фенилфталаминова киселина + хлорхолинхлорид) в дози 300 и 400 с сm з *ha -1 и ПНСА-44 (фенилфталаминова киселина + нафтилоцетна киселина + хлорфеноксиоцетна киселина) в дози 200 и 300 сm з *ha -1 са приложени във фаза отрастване на растенията (15 -20 cm височина).В резултат на проучването е установено, че най-голямо намаление на височината на стъблото (с 12.76% спрямо нетретираните растения) се постига при прилагане на препарата СМ-21 -400 сm з *ha -1 ). Приложението на растежните регулатори Трисалвит и СМ-21 не влияе съществено върху продуктивността на зърно от пролетен грах. Увеличение на структурните елементи на добива (брой бобове и семена от едно растение, маса на семената от едно растение и маса на 1000 семена) както и на стопанския добив се получава от препарата ПНСА-44 (300 сm з *ha -1 ) -до 5.63% (117.2 kg*ha -1 ) повече зърно. Изследването за установяване влиянието на изпитваните фактори (ретардант, доза и година) показва, че най-силно влияние върху височината на растенията и добива на зърно оказват условията на годината.Ключови думи: пролетен грах, растежни р...

The assessment of aboveground biomass is important for achieving rational usage of pasture resources and for maximizing the quantity and quality of milk and meat production. This study presents a method for fast approximation of pastures' biomass. Unlike most similar studies, which rely on unmanned aerial vehicle and satellite obtained data, this study focuses on photos made by stationary or mobile ground-based visual spectrum camera. The developed methodology uses raster analysis, based on the MGRVI index, in order to classify the pasture into two categories: -grazed‖ and -ungrazed‖. Thereafter, the developed methodology accounts for the perspective in order to obtain the actual area of each class in square meters and in percent. The methodology was applied on an experimental pasture, located near the city of Troyan (Bulgaria). Two images were selected, with the first one representing a mostly ungrazed pasture and the second onea mostly grazed one. Thereafter the images were analyzed using QGIS 3.0 as well as a specially developed software tool. An important advantage of the proposed methodology is that it does not require expensive equipment and technological knowledge, as it relies on commonly available tools, such as the camera of mobile phones.