Ulusal bağışıklama çizelgemizde henüz yer almayan, etkin ve güvenilir olduğu bilinen, birçok ülkede ulusal ölçekte uygulanan, ülkemizde de kullanım onayı bulunan meningokok, rotavirüs ve Human papilloma virüs (HPV) aşıları ailenin isteğine bağlı olarak yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Ankara Şehir Hastanesi, Çocuk Hastanesi, pediatri kliniğinde çalışan doktorların meningokok, rotavirüs ve HPV aşıları ile ilgili düşünceleri, invaziv meningokokal hastalık ve rotavirüse bağlı gastroenterit ile karşılaşma durumları, aşı reddi ile karşılaşma sıklıkları ve sık karşılaştıkları aşı reddi sebeplerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ankara Şehir Hastanesi, Çocuk Hastanesi, pediatri kliniğinde asistan, uzman ve profesör olarak çalışan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 93 doktor ile yüz yüze görüşülerek anket formları dolduruldu. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 93 gönüllünün 74'ü (% 79.6) asistan, 16'sı (% 17.2) uzman, 3'ü (% 3.2) profesör olarak çalışmaktaydı. Katılımcıların tamamı tarafından meningokok aşısı önerilmekteyken rotavirüs aşısı 77'si (% 82.8), HPV aşısı 83'ü (% 89.2) tarafından önerilmiştir ve meslek yılı ile aşı önerme arasında ilişki bulunmamıştır. Katılımcıların 32'si (% 34.4) 2. aydan itibaren meningokok aşılanmasına başlanmasını önerirken 15'i (% 16.1) 24 aydan sonra başlanmasını önermiştir. Önerilen aşılama başlangıç zamanını, erken bağışıklık kazandırma düşüncesi, artmış dış göçe bağlı artmış hastalık yükü, maliyet gibi nedenlerin etkilediği görülmüştür. Aşı reddi ile katılımcıların 63'ü (% 67.7) nadiren, 21'i (% 22.6) sık karşılaşırken, 9'u (% 9.7) hiç karşılaşmadığını belirtmiştir. Karşılaşılan en sık aşı reddi sebepleri aşı içeriğindeki yardımcı maddeler ile ilgili yanlış bilgi ve endişeler (% 30.1), aşıya bağlı yan etki korkusu (% 29), aşı tarafından tetiklenecek otizm düşüncesi (% 23.7), dini inanç (% 17.2) ve bilgisizlik (% 17.2) olarak görülmüştür. Sonuç: Ülkemizde aşı takviminde yer almamasına rağmen meningokok, rotavirüs, HPV aşıları hekimlerin büyük çoğunluğu tarafından önerildiği tespit edilmiştir. En sık karşılaşılan aşı reddi sebebi, aşı ve içeriği hakkında bilgisizlik veya yanlış bilgi olarak görülmüştür. Aşı karasızlığı-reddi açısından daha detaylı çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
COVID-19 is highly contagious and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 are not yet fully elucidated. It is known that the ill person begins to become contagious before the symptoms of the disease begin. Also asymptomatic person who are infected but does not have symptoms and signs, can infect other individuals. The only way for health workers to protect themselves from COVID-19 is proper use of personal protective equipment and to ensure hand hygiene. COVID-19 is transmitted through close contact and large respiratory droplets and not transmitted by airborne. The surgical mask prevents the passage of respiratory droplets. However, during the aerosol producing procedures performed on the patient, small particles containing infectious particles are scattered to air in high amounts. Healthcare workers are more likely become infected during these procedures. It is recommended to wear respirator during these procedures. Use of masks or respirators must be in conjunction with other recommended PPE and appropriate hand hygiene.
Background Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy leads to neurologic impairment or even death. Secretoneurin (SN), a neuropeptide with angiogenic and anti-apoptotic properties, provided strong neuroprotection in an adult animal model of cerebral ischaemia. Aim To evaluate the effect of SN in established in vivo and in vitro models of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. Methods Seven day old mice underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation, followed by exposure to hypoxia (8% oxygen). Thereafter, mouse pups were randomly injected intraperitoneally with SN (0.25 mg/g body weight) or vehicle. As endpoint we determined the histological injury score and the number of caspase-3 positive cells 24 h after the insult. Primary cultured hippocampal neurons were treated with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) on day 10. Neurons were assigned to the following groups: i) control ii) OGD iii) OGD+SN (1, 10 or 50 mg/l). As primary outcome parameter, cell death was evaluated via real time live confocal imaging using calcein-AM and propidium iodide (PI). Results SN displayed a non-significant trend to lower mean values of histological injury score compared to control (n = 11-12, p > 0.05) and significantly reduced the number of cells stained positively for activated caspase-3 (n = 6, p < 0.05). In vitro SN application on hippocampal neurons (OGD+SN) significantly reduced the number of dead cells assessed by the PI/calcein ratio compared with the untreated OGD group (n = 8, p < 0.05). Conclusion We provide first evidence that SN is neuroprotective in established in vitro and in vivo models of neonatal hypoxicischaemic brain injury and might therefore be considered a promising therapeutic option. Background Previous studies in 10-year-old children have shown an association between size of the corpus callosum and neurodevelopmental outcome. Aim In the present study we examined whether diffusion changes in the corpus callosum shortly after birth are associated with outcome in full-term infants with perinatal asphyxia. Subjects/methods From 2002 to 2013, 127 full-term infants with perinatal asphyxia were examined using diffusion weighted MRI within 7 days after birth (median 4 days; IQR 2 days). To calculate ADC values, regions of interest were manually selected in the anterior and posterior part of the corpus callosum, and ADC values were related to outcome. Adverse outcome was defined as death (n = 33), cerebral palsy or delayed development at 18 moths (Griffiths DQ <85): n = 12. Sixtynine of the infants (54.3%) received therapeutic hypothermia. Background and aims We aimed to identify the neurodevelopmental and behaviour outcome of preterms (GA <30 wks) at 8 years by age appropriate psychometric evaluations to see whether tests used at younger ages could predict worst outcomes at older ages in relation to some neonatal factors. Method Along with neurologic examinations, 33 infants were prospectively evaluated at 3, 6, 12,18, 24 months of corrected age with Bayley Scales of Infant Development -II (BSID-II), at 3, 5 years with ...
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