This is a MRI study of two patients presented with history of gelastic seizures since many years ago. Plain and post intravenous gadolinium multiplanar MRI imaging of the brain is performed. It showed well-defined non-enhancing mass lesions in the region of hypothalamus and tuber cinereum. It showed signal intensity similar to the gray matter and imaging diagnosis of hypothalamic hamartoma is made.

No abstract

BACKGROUND Lymphomas are one of the common neoplasms of the patients in the young age group. Accurate staging of the patients is very important in planning appropriate therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a retrospective survey from 2004 to 2005. CT scan abdomen was performed in 80 patients of histological proved lymphoma. CT guided fine needle aspiration cytology were also performed where indicated by the referring physician. RESULTS In this retrospective male preponderance study of 80 patients with proven lymphoma, positive findings were seen in 57 (71.2%) patients with 46% of HD and 84% of NHL patients showed intra-abdominal involvement. CT accurately detected nodal and extra nodal sites of involvement. Lymph node involvement was the most common manifestation of lymphoma and it was seen in 66% of all the patients. CT showed the exact sites, the pattern of involvement, the morphological features and associated complications. In both HD and NHL. Extranodal involvement was detected in patients. The involvement of liver was seen in 28%, spleen in 26.3%, GIT in 14% and renal involvement was seen in 7% of the patients with positive findings. Other sites of involvement include pancreas, psoas muscle and vertebrae. CONCLUSION The accuracy of CT in the staging of patients with lymphoma is widely recognised, and it is now the first investigation of choice in the initial staging and followup of these patients. Most centres now rely on biopsy of one group of nodes for diagnosis and stage the patient based on imaging with CT and haematological assessment including bone marrow biopsy.

The study's primary objective is to compare the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography, arthroscopy, and MDCT arthrography in the preoperative planning of anterior shoulder instability in a larger cohort of 100 patients. Topics and Techniques: A total of 100 individuals (60 men and 40 women, with a mean age of 29) underwent shoulder MDCT arthrography and MR arthrography over the course of 11 months, beginning in January 2021. The imaging data were examined by two musculoskeletal radiologists who were unaware of the arthroscopic findings. We looked at the sensitivity, specificity, and agreement of arthroscopy for osseous, cartilaginous, and labroligamentous injuries. Results: MDCT arthrography was more accurate than MR arthrography (= 0.92) in detecting glenoid rim fractures and had a higher sensitivity (100%) and specificity (95%). When comparing MDCT arthrography with MR arthrography for the visualization of glenoid cartilage defects, MDCT arthrography showed a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 92%, and a slightly higher agreement with surgery (κ = 0.68) than MR arthrography (κ = 0.62). MDCT arthrography was more accurate than MR arthrography (κ = 0.72) in detecting anterior labral periosteal sleeve avulsion lesions, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 100%. When comparing MDCT arthrography with MR arthrography for the diagnosis of humeral avulsion of the inferior glenohumeral ligament lesions, the former showed a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (8/8) and a greater agreement with surgery (κ = 0.95)." Conclusion: When comparing the two imaging modalities for anterior shoulder instability, MDCT arthrography was shown to be more accurate in detecting osseous, cartilage, and labroligamentous lesions in a larger patient cohort than MR arthrography. "MDCT arthrography is a crucial tool for preoperative planning because it accurately detects glenoid rim fractures and humeral avulsion of the inferior glenohumeral ligament abnormalities." This technique has the potential to significantly impact treatment decisions by facilitating the selection of appropriate surgical interventions.

Cystic malformation of the seminal vesicle is rare congenital urogenital tract anomaly. It can be isolated anomaly. It can be associated with other urinary tract anomalies. Clinical presentation may be extremely variable. In symptomatic patients surgical intervention is required so radiological features and clinical aspects are very important for patient's management. CASE REPORT:A 32 yr male patient was admitted with complaints of dysuria, frequency of micturition and intermittent febrile episodes since last two months. A long course of antibiotics was given to him with clinical diagnosis of urinary tract infection. At the time of admission urine examination was normal. Per rectal examination revealed a firm mass located just superior to the prostate.Ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis was performed which revealed absence of right kidney and hypertrophy of contralateral kidney which was also malrotated and improperly ascended. There was a cystic lesion at the anatomical site of seminal vesicle which is not seen separately, the prostate also appeared smaller in size. Transrectal ultrasound was performed for further characterization which revealed a large tubular cystic lesion entirely replacing the seminal vesicle. There was no solid component. The prostate was well visualized however it was smaller in size.Patient was further investigated with IVU, CT scan and MRI. Intravenous urography revealed absent right kidney and compensatory hypertrophy of left kidney. Left kidney was malrotated and incompletely ascended however it showed prompt and normal excretion. The left ureter and urinary bladder were normal.Plain and post intravenous contrast CT scan of the abdomen was performed. There was hypodense mass lesion of water attenuation in the pelvis at the bladder base more to the right side with non visualization of the seminal vesicles separately. There was no contrast enhancement.Plain MRI was performed using dedicated pelvic coil on 1.5 T GE units. Axial, coronal and sagittal T1W and T2 W sequences were performed. It showed a tortuous tubular structure of fluid signal intensity entirely replacing the seminal vesicles. It measured approximately 8x7x6 cms in size. There was no solid component. The prostate was small in size however appeared normal in morphology and signal characteristics. The rest of the pelvic structures were normal.So based on the imaging findings diagnosis of congenital cystic anomaly of the seminal vesicle was made.