Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important public health problem, where patients do not present with any pulmonary complaints because of large vascular and ventilatory reserve. As obesity is regarded as one of the risk factors leading to diabetes, the present study will try to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on pulmonary system. Aim: The present study is aimed to find out the effect of BMI on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) among diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: The study was undertaken in the departments of Physiology and Medicine to determine the effect of BMI on PFTs. Thirty (30) known diabetic patients were recruited from medicine OPD on the basis of guidelines according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) and they were divided into two groups based on their BMI. PFTs were performed using computerized spirometer. Data were entered and analyzed using independent student's t-test. Results: Patients with higher BMI have reduced values of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1st sec (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, Forced Expiratory Flow in between 25%-75% (FEF25-75%) compared to those with lower BMI, whereas with higher BMI, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was increased. The differences in FEV1, PEFR and FEF25%-75% values among the two groups were found to be significant (pvalues are 0.003, 0.05 and 0.026 respectively). Conclusion: Increased BMI can have detrimental effects on pulmonary functions among diabetics. So, early awareness about body weight and prevention strategy would be important steps towards making a diabetes free nation.

BACKGROUND Yoga is considered to be a good exercise for maintaining proper health and also has a profound effect on the lung functions of an individual. Yogic practices help in prevention, control and rehabilitation of respiratory diseases associated with diabetes, and it also delays and prevent the complications of the disease. Aims and Objectives-To assess the effect of yoga on BMI and pulmonary functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis non-randomized control trial was conducted , on 180 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, classified into case [n=90] with yoga intervention and control [n=90] with no yoga. Baseline parameters, anthropometry and PFT, were recorded at the start and after 3 months. The sample size estimation was done at conveniences. RESULTSResults showed a significant difference in BMI between the groups and significant difference in pulmonary functions parameters like forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1st second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and forced expiratory flow (FEF25%-75%), at the end of 3 months, between the case group with yoga intervention and control group with no intervention. CONCLUSIONThus, three (3) months yoga training has been found to be effective in improving BMI and pulmonary functions of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can prevent the early onset of macrovascular and microvascular complications. KEY WORDSYoga, BMI, Pulmonary Function Tests, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Sutnga T, Ningthoujam S, Oumanath F. Effect of yoga on BMI and PFT among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci. 2019;8(05):329-332, DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2019/71 BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus is a public health problem in developing and developed countries and according to World Health Organization (WHO) at least 366 million people worldwide have diabetes in 2011. This figure will rise to 552 million by 2030 and India will be the World Diabetic Capital by 2025. 1,2Diabetes mellitus is associated with widespread hormonal, metabolic, and microvascular abnormalities, as well as with disturbances of the function of many organ systems. The macroangiopathic and microangiopathic complications affect eyes, kidneys, nerves, cardiovascular system and respiratory system. The biochemical and structural change in basement membrane proteins of different body organ systems are the mainstay for development of diabetic complications. 3 These alterations are reversible to start with, and can be delayed by keeping the blood sugar levels in the normal range. 2