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peak Cr: 1.8 ± 0.9 vs 2.0 ± 1.3, P=0.26; duration: 6 ± 7 vs 6 ± 9 days, P=0.82) was not predictive. Recurrent AKI patients had higher mortality (inpatient: 21% vs 9%, P=0.02; 12-month: 44% vs 22%, P=0.01), persistent renal dysfunction (discharge Cr: 1.3 ± 1.1 vs 0.9 ± 0.4, P<0.0001), and longer lengths of stay (SICU: 13 ± 15 vs 9 ± 11 days, P=0.04; hospital: 37 ± 31 vs 23 ± 17 days, P<0.0001). Conclusions: Recurrent AKI is common among critically ill surgical patients who recover from an index episode. It is associated with increased mortality, impaired renal function and greater resource utilization versus non-recurrence. Index AKI on admission is the only apparent risk factor for recurrence, although further study is warranted to better define causes of recurrence.