Background: Although jaw asymmetry is commonly seen in skeletal Class III patients, its correlation with occlusal function and masticatory muscle activity has not been fully elucidated. Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate the occlusal function and masticatory muscle activity in skeletal Class III patients with various patterns of mandibular asymmetry.Methods: Forty-two patients and 10 normal participants were examined. The patients were categorised into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 exhibited menton and ramus deviation to the same side. Menton deviation was larger than ramus deviation in Group 1, whereas Group 2 showed the inverse relation. Group 3 patients showed menton and ramus deviation in opposite directions. Occlusal contact area (OCA), relative bite force (RBF), and temporalis anterior (TA) and masseter muscle (MM) activity at maximum clenching were measured using T-Scan Novus system and Bio-EMG-III.Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test, one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and Spearman correlation (α = .05).Results: Compared with normal participants, the patients had smaller OCA and greater asymmetry in the distribution of masticatory muscle activity. Greater ramus deviation was associated with smaller OCA in Group 1 but with larger OCA in Group 3. In Group 1, greater menton deviation was related to stronger TA activity on the non-deviation side. In Group 2, greater ramus deviation was related to stronger MM activity on the deviation side. Conclusion:Deviation of the menton and ramus was individually related to OCA and masticatory muscle activity, and this relationship varied according to the pattern of mandibular asymmetry.

SUMMARYTo support multimedia applications with good quality of services for roaming wireless local area network users, it is imperative to reduce the long re-authentication latency that users experience during handoff among access points (APs). Athough a great deal of research resources have been put into the reduction of the re-authentication latency, these schemes developed so far seem to either suffer from heavy overhead problems or have weak security. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to reducing the re-authentication latency. With the authentication server (AS) periodically delegating its authentication authority to the authenticated APs, the APs can authenticate the roaming users on behalf of the AS. As our performance analysis and simulation results demonstrate, our new approach is capable of greatly reducing the latency and overhead while achieving a high security level. Furthermore, it does not increase the complexity on the AP side because only the already existing four-way handshake with new keying mechanism is required.

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