The article deals with issues of monitoring, planning, organizational and technical support, economic regulation and improving the efficiency of the infrastructure for processing, recycling and disposal of waste, resource conservation and management of secondary resources, their use as secondary raw materials for production, services, work and power generation. The Russian Federation has significant potential for economic growth due to the efficient use of secondary resources from billions of tons of generated production and consumption waste annually. These ecologically unsafe anthropogenic objects can be characterized as a source of valuable renewable raw materials, material and fuel and energy resources. However, the scale and level of use of various types of secondary resources are characterized by considerable unevenness and depend on the demand for secondary raw materials, the resource value of the waste, the environmental situation arising from treating them as environmental polluters, on the real economic conditions that determine the profitability of each specific type. economic activities that use secondary resources for the manufacture of products, works, services, energy production. The methods of monitoring the industry for the treatment, disposal and disposal of waste are: information-analytical, information-statistical, sociological, geo-information. The legal status of the monitoring system of the industry for the treatment, disposal and disposal of waste is determined by the limitations of its functionality within the framework of the goals and objectives facing it.
The analysis of the current situation with the handling with extremely and highly hazardous wastes in Russia in terms of various industries, building and transport complex. According to the results of the studies, promising measures are proposed to create an industrial infrastructure for the processing, utilization, neutralization of the mentioned types of waste in the form of modern tasks for scientific and technical development, the creation of new cost-effective resource-saving, environmentally safe production complexes and systems, the introduction of accessible top-level technologies, ensuring the requirements of legislation in the field of handling with hazardous waste and protecting the environment.
In the collective authors’ work, based on the analysis and generalizing of published scientific researches, regulatory and technical documentation and legal acts in the field of waste management and environmental protection, was undertaken an attempt to develop, on a single methodical basis, a set of consolidated resource-saving and environmental indicators characterized the process of prevention environmental hazard caused by anthropogenic influence of waste generated in construction and urban economy.The main purpose of the research is to form theoretical foundations, develop methods for a complex assessment of the environmental hazard of solid urban and construction waste, generated in the process of repair and construction, dismantling works, maintenance of the buildings, exploitation of engineering systems and technical means of buildings and urban services in the life support system of municipalities and regions, in order to ensure protection of the environment and humans from the anthropogenic influence of waste, creating favorable conditions for life of the humanity.In the research was realized scientific and practical tasks: was formulated a hierarchy of priorities for the state of environmental safety; was highlighted the main factors of the environmental hazard of waste of the economy; was developed a mathematical model for an integrated assessment, management (rationing, regulation) of the level of environmental hazard of waste; interconnection and consolidation of environmental and resource-saving indicators was carried out on a uniform information and analytical platform for a comprehensive assessment of environmentally safe waste management. The results of the research can be used in the investigation and engineering work related to the assessment of the anthropogenic impact of waste on the environment, planning measures to prevent it.
The goal is the formation of conceptual foundations for creating an environmentally safe system for handling the valuable resource component of waste with the organization of subsequent recycling in economic circulation (a case study of construction and utility facilities as the main life-supporting structures of municipalities). The research methodology was based on the use of a set of diverse research methods, factor and expert analysis, prior ranking, SWIFT and PEST analysis, generalization, analogy, classification, and composition. The results of the authors’ research in creating concepts and strategies in the field of waste management and secondary resources are presented. In the process of system analysis of waste management, the dominant factors and ways to enhance its efficiency, resource-saving focus, and environmental safety have been identified. The results obtained indicate the possibility of establishing an effective system for involving the resource component of construction and municipal waste into the economic cycle. The groups of factors, restrictions, scenario conditions, contributing to a successful creation and long-term development of a system of handling secondary resources in the considered industries and sectors of the economy, threats and risks in the process of its formation and functioning were identified; a set of scientific and methodological approaches to their system analysis was presented. The paper proposes the main conceptual directions and tools for the creation and development of a system for handling secondary resources formed as a result of waste-generating activities of construction and utility facilities of the urban economy of municipalities, which provide a solution to the problems of environmental safety of the regions.
Digital infrastructure as an element of the «Digital Railway» of JSC «Russian Railways» involves the provision of objective, complete and up-to-date information about infrastructure facilities in digital form to solve a wide range of tasks - from engineering surveys carried out as part of the construction, repair and reconstruction of railway infrastructure facilities to the operation of autonomous (unmanned) rolling stock. One of the methods of obtaining such information is digital photogrammetry. At the same time, the highest measurement accuracy is required when determining the geometry of the railway track. When determining the geometry of the railway track with high accuracy through digital images, it becomes necessary to take into account not only the parameters of aerial photography and the quality of digital images, but also the features of image processing programs. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the accuracy of determining the geometry of the railway track using digital images as a result of processing them on the digital photogrammetric systems (DFS) PHOTOMOD and Agisoft Metashape (PhotoScan). The technical characteristics (CFS) of PHOTOMOD and Agisoft Metashape (PhotoScan) are given, the goals, objectives and content of the experimental studies performed are considered, the features of the experimental object, the characteristics of the aerial survey equipment and the methods of control determinations are described.
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