The field experiment was conducted to study the effects different nitrogen (N) quantities (N0-120 kg ha -1 ) and application regimes (N applied at stages of tillering BBCH28-30 and flag leaf sheath opening BBCH47) on (i) the formation of winter triticale above ground biomass (AGB), (ii) the grain yield (iii) the yield quality, and also (iiii) to find more suitable N fertilizing regimes for winter triticale depending on their utilization. Winter rye and winter wheat were used as reference crops.The efficiency of applying all N at the tillering stage (N100%+N0) was the highest for the grain yield of triticale. N application at development stage of plants BBCH47 increased the grain protein concentration significantly and the increase by 1 kg N was the highest in triticale cultivars. More stabile grain yield was produced by triticales in application regime N+N. N splitting did not influence significantly either the duration of the grain-filling period or the dry matter accumulation rate of triticale. N splitting affected Hagberg falling number (HFN) indirectly through the effect on the grain yield formation and grain protein concentration. HFN was positively correlated with the grain yield and negatively with the grain protein concentration. The suitable N regimes are: 1) triticale as the energy plant -N60+N0 -N applied at the tillering stage of plants and suitable N norm is not more than 60 kg N ha -1; 2) triticale as a feed or food -N60+N60 -High grain yield, protein and lysine concentration level are assured then.

Experiments were carried out to investigate 10 winter triticale cultivars for 1) genetic variability of patterns of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, and 2) the simultaneity of seed maturation in spikes by determining the developmental stage and by measuring the rate of germination before and after physiological maturity. The cultivars used were Dagro, Fidelio, Lamberto, Lasko, Lupus, Modus, Prego, Tewo, Ulrika and Vision, and were compared by measuring the post-harvest grain falling number and by germination tests on harvested spikes during the grain filling period. Winter rye Vambo and winter wheat Kosack were used as controls. The moisture content of kernels at physiological maturity (PM) was affected by climatic conditions (r0/0.38; pB/0.05). Germination rate of kernels in spike before PM was influenced by cultivar only up to 17%; mostly it was affected by climatic conditions (coefficient of determination, 54%). Kernel germination rate after PM was dependent on cultivar up to 37%, but was dependent on precipitation amounts in August (coefficient of determination, 60%). The most resistant cultivar to germination during post-physiological maturity period was Modus, followed by Dagro and Prego. Kernels' germination rate after PM was found to be an appropriate measure for selection of promising triticale cultivars for the climatic conditions, which are specific for the locations studied. The desiccation rate after PM affected significantly the duration of the period from PM up to harvest time (r0/(/0.50; pB/0.01).