In this study, 1 full irrigation regime (100% of crop evapotranspiration, I100) and 2 deficit irrigation regimes (70%, I70, and 50%, I50) were evaluated in a Rio Red grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad. 'Rio Red') orchard in Adana, Turkey. Fruit yield, leaf water potential (LWP), and soil water depletion (SWD) were measured among trees from each treatment. Actual evapotranspiration was calculated in 3 ways, using 2 energy balance methods (eddy correlation and Bowen's ratio) and water balance. Evapotranspiration rates of I70 and I50 treatments were 10% and 18% less than I100, respectively. Average irrigation amount for I50 was less than half of the average irrigation amount for I100. Considering that yield for the experimental treatments did not change statistically significantly, the I50 treatment provided about 50% more irrigation water savings than full irrigation conditions. Grapefruit tree LWP was highly correlated to soil water status and significantly associated with irrigation treatment. Average LWP values for treatments were -2.70 MPa for I100, -2.96 MPa for I70, and -3.28 MPa for I50. LWP increased up to a threshold level equivalent to 60%-66% of SWD, above which LWP decreased linearly with a continuous increase of SWD. This indicates that an average LWP of -3.28 MPa can be allowed for grapefruit under these experimental conditions while keeping the crop yield at that of full irrigation levels. The research findings showed that an enhanced understanding of physiological parameters is essential for irrigation scheduling of fruit plants. These will result in obtaining the optimum yield of fruit while conserving water.

The research was carried out in 2011 using Rio-Red grapefruit trees in Research Station of Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Citrus experiment Station, Adana Latitude, 5°2 ’ N Longitude, 6°50’ E, altitude 27 m).In the study, it was aimed to determine the effects of the amount of irrigation water applied at different levels to the trees growing in soils of different soil texture on fruit development and yield, tree trunk development, tree canopy volume development, leaf area index(LAI) and photosynthesis rate. The research area soils contain three different groups in terms of resistivity values and the trees are grown in soils electrical conductivity (ECa) with T1: 86-109, T2: 23-37 and T3: 62-72 ECavalues.In the experiment, three different irrigation levels I100, I70 and I50 water was applied. The average amount of irrigation water applied to grapefruit trees ranged from 332,48 mm (I100) to 178,92 mm (I50). Actual plant water consumption was between 810.5 mm (I100) and 694.4 mm (I50) according to the water budget method. Yields related to irrigation on trees in the plot varied between 883 (I70) and 828 (I50) kg per tree on average. It has been determined as 1050 kg on average from the fully irrigated I100. Photosynthesis values were measured as 2.64 umol/m2/s for I50, 3.48 umol/m2/s for I70 and 4.77 umol/m2/s for I100. Consequently, the effects of irrigation treatmentson fruit yield are not statistically significant, water reduction can be recommended for the region in order to save water for the farmers in this study.

Tarımın çevre üzerine yapmış olduğu olumsuz etkiler nedeniyle organik tarım büyük önem kazanmış, organik ürünlerin üretiminin ve tüketimin artırılmasına yönelik faaliyetler artmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı Kahramanmaraş İlinde tüketicilerin organik ürün tüketim alışkanlıklarını ve satın almayı etkileyen unsurları ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın ana materyalini tüketicilerle yüz yüze görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen birincil veriler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada 101 kişi ile görüşme yapılmış ve veriler frekans, ortalama ve oranlar hesaplanarak sunulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; tüketicilerin yaklaşık yarısı (% 48.5) organik ürünleri "kimyasal içermeyen ürün" olarak tanımlamış ve bu ürünleri tüketmeyi tercih etmelerinin en önemli sebebinin sağlık problemleri olarak belirtmişlerdir. Tüketicilerin organik ürün tüketmelerinin sebepleri, bu ürünlerin üretiminde daha az kimyasal girdi ve hormon kullanılması ile insan saglığı açısından GDO'lu tohumlar içermemesidir. Tüketicilere göre organik ürünlerin tüketimini engelleyen en önemli unsurlar ise gelir düzeyindeki yetersizlikler ve yeterli bilgiye sahip olunmamasıdır.

The research was carried out in 2011 and 2012 on the plot of the ‘Rio-Red’grapefruit of Çukurova University. In this study, it was aimed to determine evaluation of irrigation program in Rio-Red Grapefruit Orchard and the effects of water content, water use, tree and fruit development, yield and fruit quality characteristics(pomology) applied to Rio-Red subspecies trees at different levels. Three different irrigation schemes I100, I70 and I50waterwas applied. The average amount of irrigation water applied to grapefruit trees ranged from 332,48 mm (I100) to 128,69 mm (I50). The actual plant water consumption was found to be between 935,6 mm (I100) and 729,9 mm (I50) according to the water budget method. In the first year of the study, yields per irrigation ranged from 306 (I70) to 330 (I50) kg per tree. And they field per irrigation ranged from 59,6 kg (I100) and 108,5 kg (I50) for the second year. The total water use efficiencies obtained in 2011 were between WUEEt 5,18 kg/m3and 6,34 kg/m3; 0,52 kg/m3 to 1,74 kg/m3. The irrigation water use efficiencies in 2011, WUEI between 15,85 kg/m3 and 30,69 kg/m3, in 2012 from 2,17 kg/m3 to 14,27 kg/m3. The average amounts of water soluble solids content in the first year of operation were between 10,22% (I100) and 12,91% (I50); and from 12,41% (I100) to 13,47% (I50) in the second year. Within the scope of this study, since the effects of irrigation issues on fruit yield are not statistically significant, water shortage may be proposed for farmers in order to save water.