No abstract

Any narrative on borders at the outset tends to begin with the Westphalian inclusionary and exclusionary system of nation-state through oftentimes highlighting the constructed nature of the mapping and drawing territorially defined landscapes. In its general notion, the concretization of borders simultaneously brings the system of nation-state which has fundamentally divided world into societies and states and has represented the regime of border as historically natural. The aim of this article is to approach this concrete and historically constructed phenomenon from the perspective of migrants with a focus on their acts of border crossing. The rationale of the article is two-fold-first, theoretical exploration and conceptualization of the border: the border as a space of heterotopia, the border as a liminal space or liminality, and the border as representational space. Second, the article aims to combine theoretical conceptualization with the empirical case. The article aims to explore the way of re-mapping, re-drawing, and re-shaping of borders by the agency of Other through concentrating on the perception of migrants and asylum seekers who are seeking asylum in Turkey and waiting to be resettled to a third safe country, here Canada. Through focusing on the migrants' mappings of these non-real and non-utopian places via semi-structured interviews conducted in Turkey, the paper aims to re-draw and re-shape the permeability and contingency of borders through visualizing phenomenological experience of individuals on the route and at the borders.

The refugee Odyssey is often not a linear, straightforward movement from point A to point B, from sending country to receiving one. Rather, it involves multiple paths, gateways, entry and exit points, and territories en route to the country of resettlement. Crucially, the journey involves not only mobility but also immobility and/or periods of stasis—breaks that are, in many cases, a natural part of the journey. Alongside this diversity of paths and movements, the refugee experience—understood in terms of the practices and acts of refugees en route—is also far from homogeneous. Each journey may well have an episodic character, where the course, direction, and periods of waiting for one asylum traveller can differ significantly from those of previous and/or future travellers—even if the departure point and destination are the same. Within this context, this article examines the breaks or periods of stasis that punctuate the refugee Odyssey, which we call mobistasis. We base our empirical findings on research conducted with people en route to resettlement in Canada via Turkey where they initially seek asylum and await resettlement. Drawing on fieldwork in Turkey and Canada between April 2014 and October 2016 and semi-structured interviews conducted with asylum travellers from non-European countries, the article illustrates how Turkey as the country of asylum is more than a space of mere ‘transit’. It rather constitutes a space of mobistasis—stasis within movement—in the asylum voyage towards countries of resettlement.

No abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the expression of PCNA, p53, MMP-9, Vimentin and S100 immunohistochemically and determine the aggressiveness in diagnosis of bovine melanomas. The material of this study consisted of melanoma biopsy samples taken from 10 cattle brought to our department. Tissue samples from cattle were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution. After routine procedures paraffin blocks were cut sections of 5 μm thickness. For bleaching, some heavily pigmented tumour sections were deparaffinized, hydrated, and incubated in 10% solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 5 hours at 65 o C until sections appeared clear and Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining was applied to the sections to detect histopathological changes. Sections were examined and photographed under a light microscope. Avidin-Biotin Peroxidase was used as the immunohistochemical method. We observed that the tumoral mass was solitary, firm, hairless, oval-round shaped and quite large. We detected spindle and epithelioid type tumoral cells containing a lot of large brownish-black granular melanin pigments in their cytoplasm. All melanoma cases were immune positive for S100, Vimentin, PCNA, p53 and MMP-9 expressions. In conclusion, we think that these immunohistochemical markers are quite convenient in evaluating the prognosis and diagnosis of bovine melanomas.