Purpose This study aims to identify halal risk events, halal risk agents, measure halal risk level and formulate the halal risk control model (mitigation) in all stages in the beef supply chain from Australia to Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This research combines qualitative and quantitative method. It elaborates nine variables as the Halal Control Point: halal animal, animal welfare, stunning, knife, slaughter person, slaughter method, invocation, packaging, labeling and halal meat. This study uses house of risk, a model for proactive supply chain risk. Findings The main mitigation strategies to guarantee the halal beef status in the abattoir is the obligation of vendor or the factory to issue a written manual of stunning tool. The priority of halal risk mitigation strategies for the retailing to avoid the meat contamination is the need of a halal policy for transporter’s companies and supermarkets. Research limitations/implications Every actor must be strongly committed to the application of halal risk mitigation strategies and every chain must be implemented in the halal assurance system. Originality/value This model will be a good reference for halal meat auditing and reference for halal meat import procurement policy.

Indonesia has been facing a high shrinkage of productive paddy land size from 16 704 272 ha in 1983 to 8 685 888 ha in 2013 which decreases to 7.46 million ha in 2019. The reduction of land size within the high growth of population who is strongly dependent on paddy rice staple food could probably bring this country food crisis. The reducing habit of paddy rice eating is valuable to solve the probable problem of rice scarcity, although it is not easy, and needs high persuasion. But unfortunately, current extension tends to only convey information and innovation, either linearly or in a dialogue, lacking a touch for behavior change. Therefore, this research aims to formulate the proper extension model to reduce the acute dependence on paddy rice. By the existence of custom community as cassava rice eater in West Java, Indonesia, the research aims to explore social interaction (SI) between the consumers of cassava rice and people living around them, the impact of SI on the food innovativeness (FI) and tendency of eating pattern change (EPC) of cassava rice eater's surrounding community, and finally the research aims to formulate extension model, which is the main purpose of this study. 182 samples who live around the custom community, are determined by Slovin formula with 5% error probability. The respondent is taken by stratified random sampling. This survey based on path analysis proves the significant direct effect of SI toward FI. Furthermore, the indirect effect of SI on the tendency of EPC through FI is less significant. Therefore, the extension model to develop EPC should create non-rice eater community as an extension agent; and they should be encouraged to enhance SI with surrounding community. This model of extension could be a problem solution for probable food scarcity; and it of course contributes to the existed linier as well as interaction model of extension. However, making non-rice eater community is not easy but probable to implement.

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Abstract. The concept of al-musāqah appears in Islamic historywhen Prophet Muhammad conquered the fertile farmland surrounding Khaibar, abandoned by Jews as the original owner of the land. The concept of al-musāqah also appears in fiqh deliberations, in which it is a partnership between tenants and land owners. By deepening literature, the concept of al-musāqah is part of sharia agribusiness system that could be an alternative partnerships and farmer institution in meeting staple food needs. The alternative concept is very necessary since Indonesia has been facing the issue of agricultural land conversion and difficulty to form sustainable food agriculture area (SFAA). For the implementation of al-musāqah, the Government should systematically form the SFAA on the state owned land, and estabilish its institution to manage SFAA in the central and regional level. Then, the SFAA management implement almusāqah partnership with farmer groups. By the concept, the Government would be able to control staple food procurement and distribution to achieve food self-sufficiency which is profitable for farmers and non-farmers. However, the implementation is based on the view that the provision of basic needs should not be left to market mechanism.Vol. 14, Number 2, December 2017: 189-231 Untuk mengimplementasikan konsep al-musāqah , Pemerintah secara sistematis harus membentuk KPBB pada lahan milik Negara dan membentuk institusi untuk mengelola KPPB di tingkat pusat maupun daerah. Kemudian, manajmen KPPB melaksanakan kemitraan al-musaaqoh dengan kelompok tani. Melalui konsep ini, Pemerintah dapat mengontrol pengadaan dan distribusi pangan pokok untuk meraih swasembada pangan yang menguntungkan bagi petani dan non-petani. Hanya saja penerapan konsep ini dengan asumsi bahwa pengadaan dan distribusi pangan pokok tidak diserahkan pada mekanisme pasar melainkan dikontrol secara ketat oleh Pemerintah.