Synthetic cannabinoids or synthetic marijuana derivatives known as "Bonzai" in Turkey are addictive substances that affect the brain and have serious side effects. In recent years, the use of these substances has also been increasing in our country as well as all over the world. These substances present with various names and brands, the most common names in Turkey are "Bonzai" and "Jamaika". In this study, we aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical findings of these patients. We retrospectively evaluated patients admitted to our pediatric emergency department between March 2013 and March 2015 due to the complaints developing after the use of "Bonzai" in terms of age, gender, admission date, complaint, clinical findings, laboratory findings, consuming method of the substance, additional substance use, observation durations, hospitalization status and mortality rates. The most common complaint was faintness and drowsiness. Changes in the state of consciousness, tachycardia, hypertension were the most common clinical findings. Most common consuming method of the drug was in the form of smoking. The rate of "Bonzai" use among adolescents is increasing every day. Physicians in emergency departments should be educated on this issue and it must be kept in mind that most of the patients admitted are with complaints related to changes in the cognitive state (of consciousness) but they can also apply with complaints about all other systems.

Objective: The etiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) which is the most important unwanted consequence of premature delivery at long term has not been determined clearly yet.. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is involved in both prenatal and postnatal lung growth. Our aim is to characterize postnatal changes in serum IGF-1 in relation to development of BPD in preterms. Method: Sixty-seven preterm newborns were evaluated prospectively in order to investigate independent risk factors associated with BPD and to determine the relation between serum IGF-1 levels and BPD. Infants included in the study were divided into two groups as those that developed (Group 1; n=12) and did not develop BPD (Group 2; n=55). Serum IGF-1 levels were measured from venous blood samples of each infant on days 1, 7, 14 and 28 after birth. Results: When the variables showing significant differences in the comparisons between the two groups were evaluated in different logistic regression models, according to the most significant model; presence of chorioamnionitis did not contribute significantly to the development of BPD. It was found that 1 week increase in gestational week reduced the risk of BPD formation by half, while the presence of RDS or sepsis increased the risk of development of BPD by 14.4, and 9.6 times, respectively. ROC analysis with serial measurements of IGF-1 showed that IGF-1 was not a determinant of BPD development. Conclusion: We could not find any relation between development of BPD and serum IGF-1 levels in our study and concluded that the smaller number of newborn who developed BPD could have limited the evaluation of this association.