A comparison between different step length estimation algorithms for pedestrian dead reckoning is presented. This work covers theoretic evaluation of the estimators' performance and presents a comparison based on measurement data. Measurement data were taken from a group of five adults walking at three different velocities. For reference, the sensors were placed according to the recommendation given for each algorithm. In respect to everyday usability the performance of the estimators is furthermore evaluated for arbitrary placement of the sensors, as it is the case when using a mobile measurement platform like a smartphone

A derivation of phase smoothing for a pseudolite system is given. The distinction to phase smoothing known from literature arises from the setup of the system. As of the employed free-running pseudolites, the main challenge is to properly estimate the pseudolite clocks. The better the pseudolite clocks are estimated, the more precise are the phase measurements and the more effective is phase smoothing. Two different methods for clock estimation are examined in terms of their applicability to phase smoothing. Simulated as well as real data are used in order to evaluate the precision gain by phase smoothing. Optimal solutions according to system restrictions are presented

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