On the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, nonhuman primate pets come into frequent contact with humans, presenting the possibility of zoonotic and anthropozoonotic disease transmission. We collected fecal samples from 88 pet macaques representing six of the seven macaque species currently recognized as endemic to Sulawesi (Macaca nigra, M. nigrescens, M. hecki, M. tonkeana, M. maura, and M. ochreata) as well as two non-endemic species (M. fascicularis and M. nemestrina) in order to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in this population. Seven taxa of intestinal protozoa (Blastocystis hominis, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba hartmanni, Chilomastrix mesnili, Endolimax nana, and Retortamonas intestinalis) and three taxa of nematodes (hookworm, Trichuris spp., and Ascaris spp.) were detected. The overall parasitization rate was 59.1%. Commensal organisms predominated in this population. Parasitization was not statistically correlated with macaque age group, sex, species, or location, or with the owner's level of education. These findings are discussed in the context of primate pet ownership practices in Sulawesi.

ABSTRAKKajian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Minahasa-Propinsi Sulawesi Utara untuk mengestimasi berat hidup sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) dengan menggunakan ukuran lingkar dada dan panjang badan induk. Data berat hidup [(live weight) LW], panjang badan [(body length) BL], dan lingkar dada [(chest girth) CG] diambil dari sapi betina PO induk (n=363) yang dipelihara secara tradisional oleh para petani. Analisis regresi dipakai untuk menduga LW dari semua ukuran linear tubuh. Data dikelompokkan berdasarkan umur ternak. Umur ternak terdiri dari lima kelompok dengan kelompok umur pertama pada dua setengah tahun sampai kelompok umur ke lima pada umur tujuh setengah tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur mempengaruhi ukuran-ukuran tubuh secara signifikan (P<0,05). Korelasi antara semua pasangan hasil-hasil pengukuran ternak adalah sangat signifikan (P<0,001) pada semua kelompok umur. Analisis regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa berat hidup dapat diprediksi dengan tepat dari lingkar dada dan panjang badan (R 2 =0,97). Model regresi berganda yang dapat disarankan memrediksi berat hidup sapi berdasarkan kedua variabel tersebut dengan kelompok umur berkisar dari umur 2,5 sampai ≥7,5 tahun adalah: Berat hidup [(LW) kg] = -806,410 + 4,79835 CG (cm) + 2,83500 BL (cm). Kata kunci: Sapi betina induk PO, estimasi berat hidup, ukuran linear tubuh ABSTRACTA study was conducted to estimate live weight in Ongole grade cow using its chest girth and body length in North Sulawesi province. Data on animal live weight (LW), body length (BL) and chest girth (CG) were collected from all cows (n=363) kept by traditional household farmers. Regression analysis was carried out to estimate LW from all linear body measurements. Data were classified based on age of animals consisted of five groups with the first age group of two and half years old, to the fifth age group of seven and half years old. The results showed that age significantly (P<0.05) influenced all body measurements. Correlations between all pairs of measurements were highly significant (P<0.001) for all age groups. Regression analysis showed that live weight could be predicted accurately from chest girth and body length (R 2 =0.97). Multiple regression model can be recommended to predict live weight of Ongole grade cows based on those variables with their age groups ranging from 2.5 to ≥7.5 years old as follows: Live weight (kg) = -806.410 + 4.79835 CG (cm) + 2.83500 BL (cm).

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Minahasa untuk mengestimasi berat hidup kuda dengan menggunakan ukuran lingkar dada, panjang badan, dan rumus volume tubuh (ukuran lingkar dada dan panjang badan). Data berat hidup (LW), panjang badan (BL), lingkar dada (CG), dan volume tubuh diambil dari kuda jantan (n= 221). Volume tubuh kuda dihitung menggunakan rumus volume silinder dengan CG dan BL sebagai komponen dalam rumus. Analisis regresi digunakan untuk LW dengan semua ukuran linear tubuh. Data dikelompokkan berdasarkan umur ternak. Umur mempengaruhi ukuran-ukuran tubuh secara signifikan (P<0,05), kecuali BL ternak (P>0,05). Berat hidup dapat diprediksi melalui model regresi sederhana yang menggunakan variabel tidak bebas (Y) untuk berat hidup ternak dan variabel bebas (X) dari ukuran tubuh ternak, baik BL, CG, dan volume tubuh. Korelasi antara semua pasangan ukuran ternak adalah sangat signifikan (P<0,01) pada semua kelompok umur. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa LW dapat diprediksi dengan tepat dari volume tubuh (R2= 0.92) dan dari CG (R2= 0.90). Model regresi sederhana yang direkomendasikan untuk memprediksi LW kuda berdasarkan volume tubuh dengan kelompok umur berkisar dari umur 3 sampai ≥10 tahun adalah: LW (kg)= 5.044 + 1.87 volume tubuh (liter). Analisis data dari CG, BL, dan rumus volume tubuh memberikan ukuran kuantitatif dari bentuk dan ukuran tubuh yang dapat menjadi parameter genetik untuk tujuan program pemuliaan.

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The Sulawesi black macaque (Macaca nigra) population at Tangkoko Nature Reserve in North Sulawesi, Indonesia has been the focus of periodic study for over 30 years. The population has shown considerable decline during much of that time. Here we present the results of a long-term population survey of the Tangkoko M. nigra, conducted over the past decade, to provide updated information and on-going assessment of the population. Line-transect sampling was conducted annually from 1999 to 2002 and 2005 to 2011 along the same transect during a 2- to 3-week survey period. Although further decline in the population was observed at the outset of the survey, over the subsequent 12-year period we have seen stability in the population parameters with evidence of modest increases in both group and population density. During the 1999-2002 survey periods, there was a mean group density of 3.6 groups/km(2) and a mean population density of 39.8 individuals/km(2) . During 2005-2011, mean group density increased to 3.8 groups/km(2) and mean population density was 51.4 individuals/km(2) . The 2011 survey data indicated an estimated group density of 4.3 groups/km(2) and a population density of 61.5 individuals/km(2) . Given that our transect was located in the core of the Tangkoko reserve, our density estimates should be limited to that area of the reserve. One explanation for the apparent stabilization of the population may be tied to the increasing and sustained number of training and research programs being conducted at the reserve. This collective effort by local and international groups may be helping to reduce illegal activity in the reserve (i.e., hunting and habitat destruction) and generate greater awareness of this critically endangered species. Without the continued vigilance afforded by the existing research and training programs and the support and involvement of the local people, the M. nigra at the Tangkoko Nature Reserve will likely face further decline.