This paper presents an improved interconnect network for Tree-based FPGA architecture that unifies two unidirectional programmable networks. New tools are developed to place and route the largest benchmark circuits, where different optimization techniques are used to get an optimized architecture. The effect of variation in LUT and cluster size on the area, performance, and power of the Tree-based architecture is analyzed. Experimental results show that an architecture with LUT size 4 and arity size 4 is the most efficient in terms of area and static power dissipation, whereas the architectures with higher LUT and cluster size are efficient in terms of performance. We also show that unifying a Mesh with this Tree topology leads to an architecture which has good layout scalability and better interconnect efficiency compared to VPR-style Mesh.

International audienceOver the past few years, cryptographic algorithms have become increasingly important. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm was introduced in early 2000. It is widely adopted because of its easy implementation and robust security. In this work, AES is implemented on FPGA using five different techniques. These techniques are based on optimized implementation of AES on FPGA by making efficient resource usage of the target device. Experimental results obtained are quite varying in nature. They range from smallest (suitable for area critical application) to fastest (suitable for performance critical applications) implementation. Finally, technique making efficient usage of resources leads to frequency of 886.64 MHz and throughput of 113.5 Gb/s with moderate resource consumption on a Spartan-6 device. Furthermore, comparison between proposed technique and existing work shows that our technique has 32% higher frequency, while consuming 2.63Â more slice LUTs, 8.33Â less slice registers, and 12.59Â less LUT-FF pairs

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The research on the Internet of Things (IoT) has made huge strides forward in the past couple of years. IoT has its applications in almost every walk of life, and it is being regarded as the next big thing that can change the way humans perceive about their daily life. Smart IoT devices of heterogeneous nature make an essential part of modern day IoT-based systems. The security of these devices is of paramount importance as they handle an enormous amount of critical data and its breach can lead to potentially life-threatening situations. To secure the IoT devices of heterogeneous nature, we formulated a weighted optimization problem in this work. The objective function of this problem is to secure the IoT devices while finding the best trade-off between their resource usage and throughput. To achieve the objective, we consider a pool of five different implementations of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic schemes that offer varied resources and throughput numbers. These implementation schemes are mapped to IoT devices of heterogeneous nature. The mapping is performed through a novel adaptive framework that can consider different weights for resources and throughput to eventually find the best trade-off between the resources and throughput of an IoT-based system. This framework considers the resource and throughput requirements of different IoT devices and uses the Hungarian algorithm to adaptively map different AES implementations on them. Extensive experimentation is performed where the best trade-off is found through varying resource and throughput weight combinations. The comparison of the proposed framework with random and greedy approaches is also performed. Comparison results show that the proposed framework adaptively secures the IoT-based system while providing better resource usage and throughput results. The proposed framework provides, on average, 11% and 17% better throughput and 3% and 13% better resource usage results as compared to random and greedy approach, respectively.

Governments rely on collected data to analyze their citizens' health requirements and needs. Such data is usually of scattered manner gathered by several agencies and entities that fall under different business models and goals. Hence, the scattered nature of this data creates a burden on governments in precisely planning adequate health bills that guarantee the wellbeing of their citizens. Furthermore, the issue of synchronizing and having a real-time access to such data exacerbates the problem even more. Therefore, a system that guarantees the integrity, accessibility, correctness and security of medical data in a highly synchronized environment is crucial for governments to accurately project their future needs. In this paper, we present Smart-Health (SHealth), a blockchain-based health management system. In its crux, SHealth is a private multi-layered blockchain integrated with a multi-tiered addressing scheme that defines the privileges and permissions of entities in the system. Blockchain-based systems assure security, reliability, availability, resistance against tampering and malicious attacks, seamless integration, and easy data management. SHealth proposes a complete autonomy to its users. Through a user-friendly graphical interface it capitalizes on smart contracts to initiate various requests and inquiries pertaining to patients such as appointments, medical tests, medications, medical procedures, or history. SHealth is simple, robust, efficient, secured, and completely automated. All the stakeholders in the system can access the health related data stored in a distributed database without compromising its authenticity. SHealth covers all the possible scenarios in health systems from which some of them are explained in this work. INDEX TERMS Blockchain, health records, asymmetric cryptography, multisignature, smart contracts, consensus mechanism.