BACKGROUND Stroke is disastrous particularly in young due to its immediate and long-term impact on victims, burden on their families and at large on the society. As the incidence of young stroke is increasing, we aimed to find out aetiology, clinical profile and risk factors of young stroke at Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Hospital, Central India. METHODS The present descriptive and clinical study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, M.G.M. Medical College and Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Hospital, Indore from Oct. 2013 to Oct. 2014 after approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 50 consecutive patients between 18-45 years of age presenting with stroke were recruited who were fulfilling inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria after taking prior informed consent. RESULTS Males (59%) were more commonly affected than females. Mean age of study population was 31.70±7.42 years and that of male and female patients was 33.03±7.131 and 29.85±7.237 years respectively and majority of stroke patients were in the age group of 36-40 years (26%). Motor deficit (90%) was most common clinical presentation. 78% patients suffered ischemic stroke. Most common aetiological factors were atherosclerosis (28%), smoking (40%), alcohol (32%) and hypertension (32%). CONCLUSIONS Smoking and alcohol are two leading modifiable risk factors found in our study, suggesting that increased public awareness and public health system interventions could reduce overall burden due to young stroke.

Background: It is suggested that there is a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). We suggest, as a hypothesis, there is a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and BPPV. The current study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and BPPV. Methods: The present observational case-control study was planned and conducted on 100 participants (50 cases and 50 controls) in the Department of Neurology, Choithram Hospital & Research Center (CHRC), Indore, MP, India, from January 2018 to December 2018. All consecutive patients with diagnosis of idiopathic BPPV who were above the age of 18 years with a negative neurological status were included. Analyses were performed using SPSS software version 10. Results: BPPV was more common among those aged 50 to 70 years (64%). Out of 100 participants, 72 (72%) had vitamin D deficiency, in which 40 (80%) were cases and 32 (64%) were controls. 32 (64%) patients had posterior canal involved, out of them 20 (40%) were females and 12 (24%) were males, and in both groups posterior canal was more involved. Canal involvement according to gender was not statistically significant (P value=0.45). Mean vitamin D level for cases and controls was 34.9 and 46.5 nmol/L, respectively, and this difference was statically very significant with a p-value of 0.01 (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, there is a statistically significant association between vitamin D3 deficiency and Idiopathic BPPV. It can be noted that vitamin D3 deficiency may be a risk factor for the BPPV.

Background: Migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of disabling headache and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Up to one third of patients also have neurological aura symptoms. It has been suggested that migraine can be a risk factor for stroke. Migraine affects three times the number of women than men. The incidence of stroke in men is two times that of women. It is shown in several studies that women aged 35 to 45 years old are at increased risk of ischemic stroke who had migraine with or without aura.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in 350 consecutive patients of stroke who were attended OPD and admitted in wards of the Department of Medicine, M.G.M. Medical College and MY Hospital, Indore, MP, India, during period from December 2017 to December 2018.Results: The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 68% belonged to male group followed by 32% of respondents who were females. The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 66.6% had ischemic stroke while, 33.4% had hemorrhagic stroke. The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 90.9% had no Migraine while, 9.1% had Migraine. The highest percentage of respondents i.e. 31.2% had weekly reoccurrence, followed by forth nightly (25%) and lowest was 3.1% of daily recurrence. The association of type of stroke with sex group of patient’s history of headache which found to be significant (p ˂0.05). The association of type of stroke with sex group of patient’s history of various cerebro-vascular risk factors which found to be significant (p<0.05). Patients having hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke also had HTN in 47% and 12.4% patients respectively.Conclusions: In this study it is concluded that migraine can be established as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Early diagnosis and treatment with available medication can be helpful in prevention or decreasing risk for developing stroke.

Background: Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins is being altered in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). It has been postulated that the hypocholesterolemia in SCD might be due to increased cholesterol utilization and decreased circulation. Hemolytic stress can be associated with a significant reduction in plasma lipid concentration.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from February 2016 to October 2017 at MGM Medical College and MY Hospital Indore, MP, which included 50 SCD patients and 50 healthy, age, and sex matched controls.Results: Total Cholesterol (TC) was less than 200mg/dl in 48 SCD patients with mean TC levels was 115.3mg/dl and it more than 200mg/dl in 2 SCD patients only with mean TC was 211mg/dl. This was statistically significant low as compare to controls (p value=0.001060). HDL was less than 60mg/dl in 47 SCD patients with mean HDL was 33.74mg/dl and more than 60mg/dl in 3 SCD patients with mean HDL was 105.6mg/dl and it was statistically significantly low in SCD patients(p value=0.001787). Tryglyceride (TG) was more than 150mg/dl in 27 SCD patients and it was less than 150mg/dl in 23 SCD patients. TG was statistically significantly high in SCD patients (p value=0.011303). LDL was less than 60mg/dl, 60-130mg/dl, and more than 130mg/dl in 25, 21, and 4 SCD patients respectively. This increase in LDL in SCD patients was statistically significant (p value 0.018977).Conclusions: It was evident from this study that dyslipidemia characterized by low HDL and TC was present among the SCD patients who participate this study. Further study in large number of SCD patients and controls may help to confirm or exclude the above correlation of SCD with derangement in lipid profile.