Spatial difference in geophysical risk and social vulnerability presents challenges to emergency planners to develop an effective evacuation strategy for cyclone zones. This study examines spatial variability in evacuation assistance needs during cyclone hazard in Barguna district. For this, composite vulnerability map of unions in Barguna district is developed based on the community demographics, resources, structures and geophysical risk indicators. Four evacuation dimensions are analyzed based on population traits and building structures index, differential access to resources index, special evacuation needs index and a combination of three dimensions. Results indicate that relative majority of the unions are characterized by high evacuation assistance need and similar scenario exists in the spatial distribution of geophysical risk and socio-economic vulnerability. Nevertheless, spatial disparity of socioeconomic vulnerability is also observed among the unions within the geophysical risk zone. The coastal unions of Barguna districts are identified as the geophysical risk zone of which Raihanpur,

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Disaster management planning in Canada is government led, and the responsibilities are divided among federal, provincial, and local levels of government. The Civil Emergency Plan of Greater Montreal (Plan de sécurité civile de l'agglomération de Montréal) describes operations and responsibilities during emergencies and provides a framework for the strategic management cycle, which includes action, coordination, and communication between various decision centers. However, evacuation planning processes have not been described for any of these levels of government. Recognizing the necessity for evacuation planning, this paper proposes a three-step framework for earthquake evacuation planning for Montreal: (1) vulnerability assessment of the built environment and community demographics, (2) shelter and evacuation route planning, and (3) preparation of community evacuation maps. This paper also acknowledges the need for participatory and advocacy planning during the preparation of community evacuation plans. OCTOBER 2012L e a d e r s h i p a n d M a n a g e m e n t i n E n g i n e e r i n g 222

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Operating roads are critical during emergency operations at a disaster area. Prolonged inundation of pavements accelerates rapid deterioration of pavements and increases maintenance cost. The upgrade of vulnerable pavements with a raised subgrade and gabion-walls is proposed as the mean to increase the resiliency of strategic roads vital during the emergency attention in the aftermath of a cyclone. Hence, optimal pavement management can be used to allocate upgrade and maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) operations to reduce the damage and mitigate the geophysical risk and community vulnerability before the disaster even occurs. A case study is presented for regional highways, arterial and collector roads of Barguna district in Bangladesh that is frequently affected by cyclones and storm surges. The geo-physical risk and vulnerability (GEOPHRIV) index of each road segments is estimated by integrating the geo-physical risk; community, structure and infrastructure vulnerabilities; and damage indices. Dynamic linear programming is applied to optimize M&R strategies and the conversion of strategic roads into resilient perpetual pavements. The same budget required to optimize roads condition is also used to guide the conversion of roads into perpetual pavements, therefore increasing the overall network resiliency. As expected, the results show that most of the annual budget is equally expended into the conversion or the resurfacing of pavements. The decision making approach herein proposed is very useful to roads agencies around the world, because it provides them with the ability to increase the resiliency of their strategic network ex-ante any flooding disaster.