We establish a general formula for the translational speed of a counter-rotating vortex pair, valid for thick cores, moving in an incompressible fluid with and without viscosity. We extend to higher order the method of matched asymptotic expansions developed by Ting and Tung (1965 Phys. Fluids 8 1039-51). The solution of the Euler or the Navier-Stokes equations is constructed in the form of a power series in a small parameter, the ratio of the core radius to the distance between the core centers. For a viscous vortex pair, the small parameter should be n G where ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid and Γ is the circulation of each vortex. A correction due to the effect of finite thickness of the vortices to the traveling speed makes its appearance at fifth order. A drastic simplification is achieved of expressing it solely in terms of the strength of the second-order quadrupole field associated with the elliptical deformation of the core. For a viscous vortex pair, we exploit the conservation law for the hydrodynamic impulse to derive the growth of the distance between the vortices, which is cubic in time.

Kejadian komplikasi pada pasien Diabetes Melitus (DM) terjadi akibat perilaku perawatan diri pasien DM yang tidak baik. Perilaku pasien dalam perawatan dirinya, berkaitan dengan bagaimana kualitas education yang diberikan saat di rumah sakit. Penanganan penyakit DM di rumah sakit menjadi tanggung jawab tim kesehatan. Namun setelah pasien dipulangkan, maka pasien dan keluarga harus bisa mengambil alih tanggung jawab tersebut dengan cara harus bisa melakukan perawatan secara mandiri (self care) sehingga pasien dan keluarga harus dibekali pengetahuan dan ketrampilan yang cukup untuk mencegah kemungkinan rawat ulang (rehospitalisasi) dengan kondisi yang lebih buruk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) dengan metode audiovisual terhadap Self Care Behavior pasien Diabetes Melitus di Poliklinik RS PMC Pekanbaru. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Penelitian ini akan di laksanakan di Rumah Sakit Pekanbaru Medical Center dengan sampel penelitian adalah seluruh pasien Diabetes Melitus yang berobat di Poliklinik yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah mean nilai self care behavior sebelum diberikan DSME  adalah 36,73 dan untuk mean nilai self care behavior setelah diberikan DSME adalah 60,93. Hasil uji t dependent dimana p value = 0.000 lebih kecil daripada nilai alpha (p < 0,05). Hal ini berarti didapatkan adanya pengaruh  yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan nilai self care behavior pada pasien diabetes mellitus dengan menggunakan media audiovisual sebelum dan setelah diberikan DSME. Hasil dari penelitian ini di harapkan selain peningkatan pamahaman pasien diabetes mellitus juga pihak RS dapat menerapkan metode audiovisual dalam memberikan promosi kesehatan sebagai salah satu tugas preventif dari rumah sakit sehingga hasil akhir kepuasan pasien dan mutu pelayanan dapat tercapai.

Aim To investigate the effect of influenza vaccination with or without probiotic supplementation on the immune response and incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in the elderly. Methods A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a modified factorial design was conducted in 554 healthy elderly subjects aged 67 ± 5.6 (ranging from 60–90) years old in the Primary Health Care Center (Puskesmas area) of the Pulo Gadung District East Jakarta. Subjects received either a trivalent influenza vaccine or placebo at the start of the study, and a probiotic supplement (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011) or a placebo for 6 months. Subjects were randomly assigned into four intervention groups: influenza vaccine and probiotics (n = 141), influenza vaccine and placebo (n = 136), placebo and probiotics (n = 140), and both placebo (n = 137). The primary outcome was ILI incidence within 6 months. The secondary outcomes were seroprotection and seroconversion rates at 1, 4, and 6 months after administering the interventions. Results This study showed that the trivalent influenza vaccine increased seroprotection (RR 3.6 [95%CI 2.92–4.47]; p<0.010) and seroconversion (RR 29.8 [95%CI 11.1–79.5]; p<0.010) rates 1 month after vaccination in elderly people while the probiotic supplement did not alter influenza antibody titers (p = 1.000 and p = 0.210). The relative ILI incidence risk was similar between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups, as well as in the probiotic group compared to the non-probiotic group. Conclusion The tested trivalent influenza vaccine significantly induced seroprotection and seroconversion in the vaccinated subjects, while probiotics administration did not influence these parameters. Vaccinated individuals displayed a similarly low ILI incidence as those in the Control Group. However, the observed trend towards a reduction of ILI incidence with probiotics supplementation warrants further assessments in a larger, at-risk population. Clinical trial registry number NCT03695432.

The spread of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) disease in a human population is one of the phenomena that can be mathematically modeled. The exposed period of SARS disease underlies the formation of the SVEIR epidemic model which is a modification of the SVIR epidemic model by adding subpopulation E (exposed). In the SVEIR model, there are two control variables in the form of vaccination and treatment which aimed to minimize exposed subpopulation, infected subpopulation, and control implementation cost. The Pontryagin's minimum principle is used to obtain optimal control and system, thus minimizing objective functional as the objective to be achieved. Furthermore, the forward-backward sweep method is used for numerical simulation in order to determine the most appropriate control strategy in a finite time. The simulation results show that implementation of both vaccination and treatment is the most effective decision making to control the spread of SARS disease.

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