The oxygen support during neonatal resuscitation is not completely defined by evidence-based science. We, therefore, aimed to determine the oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) levels within the first 15 minutes of life and to evaluate the effect of delivery routes, gender and measurement sites on the mean time to reach preductal and postductal SpO 2 levels of 90% among healthy term neonates. The sensors were placed at the right hand for preductally and the left hand for postductally SpO 2 measurements. In this prospective observational study, 141 healthy term neonates were included. Seventy-one (50.3%) of the babies were female, and 77 (54.6%) were delivered by caesarean section. Mean gestational age was 38.8 ± 1.1 weeks and mean birth weight was 3,082 ± 425.7 g. Overall, it took 7.5 ± 2.8 and 9.5 ± 3.2 min to reach oxygen saturation levels ≥ 90% preductally and postductally, respectively. The lengths of time to reach ≥ 90% preductal and postductal SpO 2 levels were 6.9 ± 2.8 and 8.4 ± 3.2 min for vaginal delivery and 8.0 ± 2.8 and 10.4 ± 2.9 min for caesarean section, respectively. Thus, the time to reach SpO 2 levels ≥ 90% was prolonged in the postductal measurements and in the neonates born by caesarean section. Gender was found to have no effect on duration to reach 90% SpO 2 levels at both preductal and postductal measurements. The measurement site and the type of delivery must be taken into consideration when oxygen saturation was measured in term healthy newborn in delivery room immediately after birth.

BackgroundWe aimed to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Turkish pediatricians concerning vitamin D supplement.MethodsThe study was planned cross-sectional to be carried out between April–May 2015 in Turkey. A questionnaire form that determined the participants’ opinions and practices concerning vitamin D supplement was completed via face-to-face interview.ResultsA total of 107 pediatricians (49.3%) and 110 pediatric residents (50.7%) participated in the study. Of the physicians, 85.2% recommended vitamin D supplement for all infants and children regardless of diet, 13.4% recommended for the infants which are solely breastfed. Vitamin D supplement is recommended at a dose of 400 IU/day by 88.8% of pediatricians and by 90% of pediatric residents. Of the pediatricians and pediatric residents, 72% and 68.2%, respectively commence vitamin D supplement when the newborn is 15 days old. The rates of recommending vitamin D supplement until the age of one and two years were higher among pediatricians (48.6% and 41.1%, respectively) than pediatric residents (40.9% and 32.7%, respectively). The rate of starting vitamin D supplement for fontanelle closure was significantly higher among pediatric residents (15.5%) than pediatricians (3.7%) (p = 0.002). It was determined that the rate of prescribing vitamin D supplement until fontanelle closure was higher among pediatric residents (18.2%) than pediatricians (0.9%).ConclusionsThe present study suggest that the knowledge of pediatricians about recommendation of vitamin D needs to be enhanced by education programs in addition to free vitamin D supplement provided by the Ministry of Health.

Differences in achievement of target saturation level were influenced by multiple factors (birth way, probe location, maternal smoking and umbilical blood gas pH) in the delivery room during resuscitation of preterm babies.

Determination of umbilical arterial blood pH values, in addition to clinical findings and oxygen saturation measurements, might be helpful in deciding the concentration of oxygen and whether or not to continue oxygen supplementation in the delivery room.