Recently an association between breast cancer and inflammation has emerged as the seventh hallmark of cancer. Chronic inflammation is a key contributor in the development and progression of carcinogenesis. Inflammatory pathways play an important role in the causation of breast cancer. C-reactive protein (CRP) an acute-phase reactant inflammatory protein is synthesized in hepatocytes in response to cytokines that are released from leucocytes within the tumor microenvironment. Several epidemiological studies appraised an association of CRP with breast cancer risk with inconsistent findings. Elevated levels at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer indicate aggressiveness of the tumor. CRP is also a well-established independent prognostic marker. Breast cancer survivors with the state of chronic inflammation are at risk of recurrence and metabolic disturbances. CRP lowering agents along with chemotherapeutic drugs will improve the survival of breast cancer patients. Also, it is a risk predictor for subsequent cardiotoxicity in patients receiving chemotherapy. The present review is aimed at elucidating the role of C-reactive protein, as an inflammatory risk marker and prognostic predictor of breast cancer. It also focuses on conflicting views on the role of CRP in breast cancer and its impact on therapeutic interventions.

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Awareness, suspicion of multiple primary malignancy and aggressive diagnostic work up plays crucial role in their detection at earlier stage for better outcome. In addition choice of appropriate chemotherapeutic agents and their regimens remains the cornerstone while managing the patients with multiple primary malignancies.

Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in Indian women. Basically it is a hormone mediated disorder due to continuous exposure to ovarian hormones. Several established modifiable and non modifiable risk factors influence hormonal status which is associated with breast cancer. Prevalence and profile of risk factors of breast cancer differs region wise. Although etiology of breast cancer is complex and multifactorial involving genetic, hormonaland environmental factors, various studies showed significant role of reproductive risk factors in breast tumor genesis. Present study was aimed to explore association of various hormone related risk factors with breast cancer in Indian women.This hospital based case control study included newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer and age matched healthy women as controls. Standard structured pretested valid questionnaire was administered to record socio demographic data, medical, family, past history, use of hormones and reproductive risk factors. Participants were asked about marital status, number of live births, abortions, age at first live birth and breastfeeding duration history. Information was also obtained regarding age at menarche, menopausal status, age at menopause and use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. Anthropometric measures body mass index and waist: hip ratio were taken as index of adiposity. Present study has provided possible association of hormone related risk factors in breast cancer in Indian population.