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Recent trends in optical networks, such as Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexing (ROADM) and optical cross connects, require advanced optical amplifiers based on both Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFAs) and Raman technology. To address the dynamic nature of modern networks, EDFAs should provide broadband variable gain operation, flexible mid-stage access, fast transient response to dynamic events, and advanced spectral monitoring and control to adjust to changing spectral conditions in the network. An important supplement to EDFA technology is the use of Distributed Raman Amplification (DRA) to achieve transmission over multi-span Ultra Long Haul (ULH) links in all optical networks, as well as very high loss repeaterless links.

Authors demonstrate that a combination of feed-back control, feed-forward control, optical delay line and saturating channel can obtain the effective suppression of the transient effect in EDFA-based optical burst switched systems.

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