Objective: Scoliosis is structural change that occurs in a diversity of conditions. Development of the scoliosis during time periods of rapid child growth may consequence in severe abnormality. This survey had the purpose to find out the scoliosis frequency among school going students with age 11-16 years and determine possible associations among scoliosis and bodyweight and the bagpacks weight. Method: A Cross-Sectional study was conducted on 374 students with age of 11-16 years old boys and girls were having no abnormality or any MSK deformity was involved in the survey. All students were monitored by Adam's forward bend test and physical inspection test and for this purpose SRS-22r patient questionnaire was used. All data collected via a questionnaire which coded it into SPSS version 26. Data was constituted in configuration of bar charts, graphs and tables. Results: This inquiry contains 374 participants, and means weight of students 43.83±11.98, and mean weight of bags 5.21±1.99. The frequency of scoliosis among respondents was 48.66%, 103(27.54%) students were suffering from right Scoliotic hump, and 79(21.12%) have left Scoliotic hump. The frequency of shoulder & scapular asymmetry 73%, uneven hips 19.7%, head deviation 50.8%, body overweight 1.9%, carrying immoderate heavy school bag packs material 4%. Conclusion: The scoliosis frequency among the sample of school going students was high. The statistical analysis showed that scoliosis was positively correlated with weight of students with statistically significant (p=0.000). No association was found among frequency of scoliosis and bags weigh.

Objective: The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the rates of death from coronavirus infection among healthcare personnel against those in the general population. Study Design: Comparative study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Benazir Bhutu Hospital Rawalpindi during the period from July, 2022 to September, 2022. Methods: 135 coronavirus-infected individuals of both genders were studied. Patients were aged 20–65 years. All patients gave written consent for baseline data on age, sex, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and domicile. Patients were symptomatic and asymptomatic. Among 135 cases, 65 were health workers in group I and 70 were general population in group II. Mortality among both groups were compared. ICU hospitalization, ventilation, and death were compared between groups. SPSS 22.0 analyzed all data. Results: There were 35 males in group I with mean age 26.13±10.72 years and in group II 40 were males with mean age 45.6±5.27 years. We found that number of died patients were higher in group II 9 (12.9%) as compared to group I 3 (4.6%). Older age, heart disease, diabetes mellitus and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) were the most common reasons of died coronavirus patients. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that older age, heart disease, and diabetes are independently associated with a higher risk of death and a greater severity of pandemic disease among the general public than they are among health care professionals. Keywords: General Population, Ventilation, Mortality, Coronavirus, Health workers,

Purpose: Low back pain is not much prevalent among women wearing high heels but in certain cases it is the cause of disability, absence from work and also affects the quality of life. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain among the women of Khanewal wearing high heels. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was used. Data was collected from Khanewal from 1st October to 31st December 2019. The sample size was 250 women ranging between 20 to 40 years. Inclusion criteria include age between 20 to 35 years, height of heel 2 – 10 cm, duration of wearing of high heel shoes > 3 hours per day, frequency of wearing high heel shoes > 3 times / week. Exclusion criteria consisted of previous history of any accident or injury to the back, fracture of the vertebrae, any spinal pathology, any systemic disease, women who left wearing heels, women wearing heels occasionally. Data was collected by convenient sampling technique, through the use of oswestry low back pain disability questionaire.Study was completed in 3 months after the approval of synopsis. Data entry and analysis were done using computer software SPSS 21. Findings: Among 250 women with the mean age of 27 years, 208(83.2%) female lie in minimum disability sore and 42(16.8%) females lie in moderate disability score. The study concluded that there is relatively low prevalence of low back pain among the women wearing high heels. Recommendations: The duration of study was short, so in future more time is required for this study. Sample was only conducted in Khanewal, therefore more cities should be selected for target population to collect sample in future.

Background: Pressure is a localized injury to the skin and underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure contributing to shear. Objective: The main objective was to determine the prevalence of pressure ulcers in the patients of Ibn e Sina hospital Multan and to determine the risk factors contributing to pressure ulcers by using Braden Scale. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional observational study conducted on 246 patients of Ibn e Sina hospital Multan. During the 6 months of the study, patients were interviewed regarding their demographics and risk factors for pressure ulcers according to the Braden scale. Spss21 was used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 246 patients, 74.8% of male patients had pressure ulcers. The patients were from 25 to 85 years old. The pressure ulcers were more frequent among the 45 to 65 years age group (i.e., 44.7%) and married patients (95.5%). Among 246 patients only 4.5% patients were at extra high risk and most of the patients were at low risk (69.5%) by using the Braden scale. This data will help physicians, researchers, and policymakers in Pakistan and other nations advocate for the needs of pressure ulcer patients. Conclusion: According to this study pressure ulcers were more frequent in male married patients of the middle age group. Most of the patients were at low risk of developing pressure ulcers on the Braden Scale. Keywords: Pressure ulcer PU, Pressure sores, Pressure Injuries, Prevalence, Risk factors, Braden Scale, Braden score, Hospitals, Intensive care units