Nano gamma-alumina support was prepared successfully by Sol-gel method using aluminum nitrate without and with carbon nanotubes as a template at different calcination temperatures (600, 650, and 700°C) and then loaded with 0.3% of platinum and 0.3% of tungsten by the wet- impregnation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscope (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and (BET) surface area were used to characterize the prepared nano catalyst. The best results obtained were 389.34 m2/gm surface area, 0.468 cm3 /gm pore volume, 8.07 nm pore size and 42.71 nm average particle size for the prepared nana gamma-alumina at a calcination temperature of 600°C.

No abstract

Catalytic transformation of a low-octane number stable gas condensate to high-octane number gasoline (RON: research octane number) is an economically and strategically vital process. In this research, modifying ZSM5 zeolite (80 Si/Al ratio) by impregnation with 2% Zn (Zn/ZSM5) was carried out to increase the selectivity for isomerization and aromatization thereby enhance the octane number. The process was conducted by using stable gas condensate 85 vol% with 15 vol% ethanol in a fixed bed reactor. Zn/ZSM5 and ZSM5 were examined in a pilot scale under different conditions temperature 360-420 °C LHSV1.2-2 h−1, pressure 5 bar. Catalysts were characterized before and after Zn loading using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and N2-adsorption. The SEM, FESEM, and TEM have shown that no change in morphology and metal distribution. The XRD and FTIR characterizations revealed the modified catalysts retained their crystallinity after metal impregnation while N2-adsorption isotherm demonstrates no significant change in porosity. The results of Zn/ZSM5 display an optimum result at 420 °C, 1.2 h−1, 5 bar with enhancement of RON from 60.5 to 89 whereas ZSM5 shows RON enhancement from 60.5 to 82. Post Zn loading, PONA test has shown an increase for iso-paraffin from 45.4 to 47.4%, and aromatics from 10.8 to 14. The findings translate the effectiveness of using Zn on ZSM5 for gas condensate – gasoline transformation. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Cracking of n-Pentane was carried out on two type of zeolite catalysts Ru/HZSM-5 and Ru/HMOR. The conversion was high at low temperature and the selective precursor was highly selective to desired product. The selectivity to light olefins decreased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio. The results showed that Ru/HMOR catalyst was more active and selective than Ru/HZSM-5 catalyst for the considered temperature range.