This study is intended to develop a screening method for female breast cancer (BRC) from whole blood using Raman spectroscopy. A multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regression model is developed which is based upon Raman spectra of BRC-positive and healthy participants. It yields coefficients of regression at the corresponding Raman shifts. These coefficients represent the changes in molecular structures which are associated with the progress of disease. The present study pointed out some specific molecules which differentiated BRC-positive and healthy groups. In the BRC-positive group, a rising trend of calcium oxalate, calcium hydroxyapatite, phosphatidylserine and qunoid ring, and a lowering trend of tryptophan, tyrosine, and proline were observed in PLS-based coefficients of regression. The R-square value of the model was found to be 0.987, which is accepted clinically. The model was tested for the prediction of 50 randomly collected samples at a cutoff value of 0.5 with the gray region defined in the range of 0.4-0.6. Goodness of fit was estimated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under ROC curve. All of these parameters were found to be very promising.

Readers with 20/20 vision can easily read text and quickly perceive information to get an overview of the information within a text. This is more challenging for readers who rely on screen readers. This study investigated factors affecting successful screen reading in order to shed light on what contributes towards the improvement of screen reading access. Text extraction, summarization, and representation techniques were explored. The goal of this work leads to the development of a new summarization technique, referred to as On Demand Summary Generation and Text Tagging (ODSG&TT). This technique makes use of a summarization algorithm and a text tagging algorithm developed by Algorithmia, which enables on the fly and on-demand summarization of text and keyword generation. The focus of the screen reader is transferred to the keywords using a button control. The intention is to provide summaries with minimum user navigation effort to simplify the screen reading process.

Aim: This study aimed to synthesize folate-conjugated sorafenib-loaded (FCSL) liposomes for theranostic application using ultrasound (US). Materials & methods: US parameter optimization, in vitro release, anticancer effect, in vivo biodistribution, optical imaging and biocompatibility of liposomes were studied. Results: With 84% in vitro release after 4 min of US exposure at 3 MHz (1.2 mechanical index), FCSL liposomes showed lower IC50 (8.70 μM) versus sorafenib (9.34 μM) against HepG2 cells. In vivo biodistribution of FCSL liposomes versus sorafenib after 9 mg/kg injection in the liver (8.63 vs 0.55) > intestine (8.45 vs 1.07) > stomach (5.62 vs 0.57) > kidney (5.46 vs 0.91) showed longer circulation time in plasma and can be tracked in mice. Conclusion: A threefold higher drug concentration in the liver in US-exposed mice makes this a successful nanotheranostic approach.

TNFa and NF-kB contribute in activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and complications of coronary artery diseases (CAD). Current study highlights novel properties of Au (15 § 2 nm), ZnO (77 § 45 nm) and MgO (11 § 4 nm) nanoparticles (NPs) as possible anti-inflammatory agents with greater efficacy and lower toxicity. Decrease in TNFa and NF-kB levels in Single Vessel Disease (SVD), Double Vessel Disease (DVD) and Triple-Vessel coronary artery disease (TVD) macrophage and lymphocyte cultures at varying concentrations of NPs has been studied to find an effective therapeutic concentration (ETC). Au and MgO NPs exhibits 5 mg/ml ETC compared to 1 mg/ml ZnO in all three CAD categories with negligible toxicity. ZnO remains most statistically significant (p < 0.001) in SVD and TVD cultures whereas MgO shows efficacy in DVD and TVD cultures with more than 50% reduction in TNFa and NF-kB levels at their respective ETCs. Au NPs exhibit prominent effect in DVD cultures. The mRNA expression results support the down-regulation of TNFa and NF-kB after NPs exposure in respective cultures. Findings of this prospective observational cohort study suggest use of NPs as an alternate anti-inflammatory agent in coronary artery and other diseases.