BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by the presence of bacteria in the blood accompanied by symptoms and systemic signs of infection that occurs in the first 4 weeks of life after birth. The process of identifying pathogenic microorganisms is essential in determining the clinical condition in neonatal sepsis. AIM: The study was aimed to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to identify bacterial isolates that cause neonatal sepsis in Indonesia with the main target of optimization of an initial design and PCR optimization. METHODS: This research is an explorative in vitro study for the optimization of an initial design and PCR methods for the detection of the main bacteria that cause sepsis neonatorum in Indonesia, namely, bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study was conducted at the Biomolecular Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia. RESULTS: Sequencing carried out and continued with Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) sequencing results, it appears that the PCR product that has been produced conforms with the optimization targets that were previously set when doing the primer design. The level of homology found in all four species based on the results of BLAST in a sequence is as follows: K. pneumoniae 94%, P. aeruginosa 99%, E. cloacae 100%, and E. coli 100%. CONCLUSION: PCR multiplex method using design primers and conventional PCR analysis methods (using agarose gel) can be used to detect four species of bacteria that cause neonatal sepsis, namely, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, and E. coli.

Low back pain ranks second in disease in Indonesia and globally the prevalence of low back pain reaches 15% - 45%. Medical students have a high risk of experiencing low back pain because they spend more than six hours a day sitting during lectures. Sitting for a long time without changing position causes the muscles and posterior longitudinal ligament to become more tense, and oxygenation to the discs and other tissues is disrupted, which can cause low back pain. This study used an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The research used a questionnaire which was distributed to all students of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Bengkulu via Google form in May - June 2022. Sampling was carried out based on the total sampling technique. The number of research samples is 158 people. The relationship between the two variables was analyzed using chi square analysis. The results showed that the duration of sitting during distance learning had a significant relationship with low back pain with a significance value of 0.02 (p <0.05). The results of the study between the duration of sitting during distance learning and low back pain disability did not have a significant relationship with a significance value of 0.68 (p > 0.05). Sitting duration during distance learning is significantly associated with low back pain while sitting duration during distance learning does not have a significant relationship with low back pain disability. Keywords: Sitting Duration, Low Back Pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).     ABSTRAK Low back pain  menduduki penyakit urutan kedua di Indonesia dan secara global prevalensi low back pain mencapai 15 % – 45 %. Mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami low back pain dikarenakan menghabiskan waktu untuk duduk saat kuliah lebih dari enam jam dalam sehari. Duduk dalam waktu yang lama tanpa ada perubahan posisi menyebabkan otot dan ligamentum longitudinalis posterior menjadi lebih tegang, serta oksigenasi ke diskus dan jaringan lainnya terganggu sehingga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya nyeri punggung bawah. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross – sectional. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan pada seluruh Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Bengkulu melalui google form  pada bulan Mei – Juni 2022. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan teknik total sampling. Jumlah sampel penelitian adalah 158 orang. Hubungan kedua variabel tersebut dianalisis menggunakan analisis chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa durasi duduk selama pembelajaran jarak jauh memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan low back pain dengan nilai signifikansi 0,02 (p < 0,05). Hasil penelitian antara durasi duduk selama pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan low back pain disability tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,68 (p > 0,05). Durasi duduk selama pembelajaran jarak jauh berhubungan secara signifikan dengan low back pain sedangkan durasi duduk selama pembelajaran jarak jauh tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan low back pain disability. Kata Kunci: Durasi Duduk, Low Back Pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

The incidence of falls in 1 year can reach millions of people with an increase in deaths due to falls of up to 30% in 9 years. About 58.1% of falls are experienced by someone with a body balance disorder. The diaphragm muscle is a part of the muscle that has an influence on postural control by increasing intra-abdominal pressure by putting pressure on the thoracolumbar fascia which allows for an influence on body balance. This research was conducted to determine the effect of diaphragm muscle strengthening exercises with Sandbag Breathing on body balance. The research design was pre-experimental with the type of one group pre and post tests carried out in Bengkulu City, the independent variable in this study was diaphragm muscle strengthening exercises with sandbag breathing and the dependent variable was body balance, the sampling technique used a non-probability purposive sampling technique . Assessment of body balance was carried out before and after the intervention of diaphragm muscle strengthening exercises with Sandbag Breathing for 4 weeks. The influence of variables will be analyzed statistically using the Paired T test and Wilcoxon. The results showed that diaphragm muscle strengthening exercises with Sandbag Breathing had a significant effect on body balance with a significance value of 0.000. Diaphragm strengthening exercises with sandbag breathing affect static and dynamic body balance. Keywords: Body Balance, Diaphragm Muscles, Sandbag Breathing  ABSTRAK Angka Kejadian Jatuh dalam 1 tahun dapat mencapai jutaan orang dengan peningkatan kematian akibat jatuh hingga 30% dalam 9 tahun. Sekitar 58,1% kejadian jatuh dialami oleh seseorang dengan gangguan keseimbangan tubuh. Otot diafragma merupakan salah satu bagian otot yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap kontrol postural melalui peningkatan tekanan intra-abdominal dengan memberikan tekanan pada fascia torakolumbal yang memungkinkan adanya pengaruh pada keseimbangan tubuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan penguatan otot diafragma dengan Sandbag Breathing terhadap keseimbangan tubuh. Desain penelitian ini adalah pre-experimental dengan jenis one group pre dan post test yang dilaksanakan di Kota Bengkulu, variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah latihan penguatan otot diafragma dengan sandbag breathing dan variabel terikat adalah keseimbangan tubuh, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non probability purposive sampling. Penilaian keseimbangan tubuh dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi latihan penguatan otot diafragma dengan Sandbag Breathing selama 4 minggu. Pengaruh variabel akan di analisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Paired T test dan Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latihan penguatan otot diafragma dengan Sandbag Breathing berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keseimbangan tubuh dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000. Latihan penguatan otot diafragma dengan sandbag breathing berpengaruh terhadap keseimbangan tubuh statis dan dinamis. Kata Kunci: Keseimbangan Tubuh, Otot Diafragma, Sandbag Breathing

Teknik dan metode pembelajaran keterampilan klinik pada pendidikan kedokteran semakin kreatif dan inovatif namun pembelajaran keterampilan klinik saat ini membutuhkan waktu dan sumber daya yang tidak sedikit. Institusi pendidikan kedokteran harus membangun laboratorium dengan perlengkapan simulator modern. Peningkatan penggunaan smartphone, tablet, android mungkin merupakan sarana yang baik untuk pembelajaran keterampilan klinik. Multimedia seperti video online YouTube mungkin menjadi sebuah pilihan guna mengatasi kelemahan tersebut. Tujuan: Membandingkan pembelajaran keterampilan pewarnaan gram yang menggunakan video online dengan metode pembelajaran melalui demonstrasi dan kombinasi keduanya. Metode: Penelitian ekperimental dengan desain randomized control trial dengan post test dan blinded examination. Sampel adalah mahasiswa kedokteran tahap sarjana kedokteran dibagi secara acak untuk kelompok yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran demonstrasi sebagai kelompok kontrol dan kelompok yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran dengan video online serta kombinasi keduanya sebagai kelompok perlakuan. Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik menggunakan program SPSS 13.00. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang keterampilan pewarnaan Gram yang bermakna antara kelompok demonstrasi langsung dengan video online maupun metode kombinasi. Keterbacaan hasil pewarnaan Gram antara kelompok demonstrasi langsung video online atau metode kombinasi tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna. Kesimpulan: Metode pembelajaran pewarnaan Gram dengan memanfaatkan video online maupun metode kombinasi memberikan hasil yang sama dengan metode demonstrasi langsung dalam hal penguasaan keterampilan dan kualitas hasil pewarnaan.

According to World health Organization (WHO), the age group >60 years is categorized as elderly (elderly). Normally with age, a decrease in organ function will also occur naturally, one of which is in the organs of vision. So far, the community considers the decline in the function of vision in the elderly group as a normal thing to happen and does not require routine checks. Even though this condition will increase the risk of falling in the elderly and can cause other complex problems. The social institution is a place that aims to accommodate the elderly so that they can live their old age in a more quality manner, the Tresna Werdha Social Institution is one example and is under the guidance of the Social Service of Bengkulu Province which accommodates quite a number of elderly as its fostered citizens with various existing health problems, One of them is the problem of decreased visual acuity. In view of the conditions above, then community service needs to be done in this place, such as counseling, visual acuity checks and providing reading glasses to the elderly at the Tresna Werdha Bengkulu social institution. The purpose of this activity is to improve the quality of life for the elderly and reduce the risk of falling, especially for the assisted residents of the Tresna Werdha Social Institution, Bengkulu Province. The result of this activity was that 43 elderly people took part in educational activities, visual acuity checks and the provision of reading glasses which were carried out on October 2, 2022 by a community service team from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Bengkulu. From this activity, it was found that 21 elderly people (49%) received assistance in the form of reading glasses while 22 (51%) other elderly people could not receive assistance in the form of reading glasses because they had cataracts.