The Planet Simulator is a Model of Intermediate Complexity (MIC) which can be used to run climate and paleo-climate simulations for time scales up to 10 thousand years or more in an acceptable real time. The priorities in development are set to speed, easy handling and portability. Its modular structure allows a problem dependent configuration. Adaptions exist for the atmospheres of Mars and of Saturn's moon Titan. Common coupling interfaces enable the addition of ocean models, ice models, vegetation and more. An interactive mode with a Model Starter (MoSt) and a Graphical User Interface (GUI) can be used to select a model configuration from the available hierarchy, set its parameters and inspect atmospheric fields while changing model parameters on the fly. This is especially useful for teaching, debugging and tuning of parameterizations. This paper gives an overview of the model's features. The complete model including sources and documentation is available at (www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/plasim). Zusammenfassung Der Planet Simulator ist als "Model of Intermediate Complexity" (MIC) in der Lage, Paläoklima-und andere Simulationen für 10.000 oder mehr Jahre in kurzer Realzeit durchzuführen. Die Prioritäten der Entwicklung liegen in der Geschwindigkeit, der einfachen Handhabung und der Portabilität. Sein modularer Aufbau erlaubt die Konfiguration problemangepasst zu modifizieren. Neben der Erdsystem-Modellierung wurden auch Adaptionen für die Atmosphären des Mars und des Saturnmondes Titan durchgeführt. Kopplungsschnittstellen ermöglichen die Einbindung anderer Komponenten, wie Ozeanmodelle, Eismodelle und andere. Ein interaktiver Modus, Modell-Starter und grafische Benutzeroberfäche, erlaubt eine Auswahl des Modells aus einer Hierarchie, die Voreinstellung der Parameter, die Ansicht von Feldern sowie dieÄnderung von Modellparametern während der Simulation. Dies ist besonders nützlich in der Lehre, beim Austesten vonÄnderungen und der Optimierung von Parameterisierungen. Diese Veröffentlichung gibt einen kurzen Uberblick des Modellaufbaus. Das komplette Modellpaket inklusive Quellcode und Dokumentation kann vom Internet unter (www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/plasim) heruntergeladen werden.
The 1/f spectrum of the ocean surface temperature in the Atlantic and Pacific midlatitudes is explained by a simple vertical diffusion model with a shallow mixed layer on top of a deep ocean. The model is forced at the air-sea interface with the total surface heat flux from a 1000 year climate simulation. The analysis reveals the role of ocean advection and substantiates estimates of internal thermal diffusivities.
Rainfall anomalies in a longterm integration of general circulation model highlight the nonstationarity of the ocean -atmosphere coupling in the North Atlantic which becomes manifest in two regimes. Anti-correlations between the precipitation in the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic illustrate the changes of the Hadley cell with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO).The precipitation anomaly pattern in the north eastern Atlantic resembles variations of the North Atlantic storm track and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In the hemispheric regime, where 40% of the NAO variability can be explained by ENSO, both precipitation pattern are connected, whereas in the regional regime the ENSO-link with the North Atlantic storm track and the subtropical 500 hPa geopotential height disappears.
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