ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag expliziert Gütekriterien der qualitativen Sozialforschung. Er geht von der Prämisse aus, dass Qualitätsmerkmale in diesem Segment empirischer Sozialforschung nur unter konsequentem Rekurs auf die spezifischen Funktionsbedingungen interpretativer und rekonstruktiver Verfahren zu bestimmen sind. Fünf Kriterien werden vorgeschlagen: Gegenstandsangemessen ist eine Weise der Herstellung des Forschungsgegenstandes, die das empirische Feld ernst nimmt und Methoden, Fragestellungen und Datentypen einer fortlaufenden Justierungsanforderung unterwirft. Empirische Sättigung reflektiert die Güte der Verankerung von Interpretationen im Datenmaterial. Theoretische Durchdringung markiert die Qualität der Theoriebezüge, in die das Forschen eingespannt ist, und arbeitet an deren Irritationspotential. Textuelle Performanz bezeichnet die Leistung, die Texte als Güte konstituierende Kommunikation gegenüber Rezipientinnen der Forschung zu erbringen haben. Originalitätschließlich ist das Kriterium, an dem die Einlösung des Neuigkeitsanspruchs wissenschaftlichen Wissens zu prüfen ist.
Preliminarily findings from experimental and survey research suggests that psychotherapy with older adults is an area of practice in which psychotherapists do not feel positive and confident. This qualitative study is the first to explore how young psychotherapists experience and perceive their therapeutic work with older patients. To do so, we provide an in-depth perspective of how young (aged 27-35) psychotherapists experience providing psychotherapeutic treatment for older patients (aged over 65). Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 psychotherapists in training (14 women, six men). They were recruited via psychotherapeutic training institutions and geropsychiatry clinics in Germany. The grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data. We found that the participants had various attitudes toward older adults (respectful/admiring, caring/supportive, doubtful, and open) that were related to individual social and biographic experiences with older adults. The participants' attitudes and personal experiences were also found again in their reported therapeutic behavior toward older patients. The finding further showed that the treatment setting (inpatient vs. outpatient) had an additional impact on the participants' perception of and therapeutic behavior toward older patients. Our findings demonstrated that the participants experienced various challenges and particularities when working with older patients. Young psychotherapists who work with older patients should be supported by psychotherapeutic training institutions through supervision and guidance on how to deal with clinical challenges. Furthermore, it can be valuable for young psychotherapists to critically reflect their attitudes toward older adults and personal motives for their therapeutic behavior toward older patients. Public Significance StatementThis study provides an initial insight into young psychotherapists' perceptions of and experiences with older patients, including several particularities and clinical challenges that the work with older patients might pose for young psychotherapists. A detailed insight into how young psychotherapists experience working with older patients can also be useful for the training and education of young health care providers who work with older adults.
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ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag greift zentrale Einwände von Eisewicht und Grenz (2018) auf und verweist gegenüber dem Vorhalt eines unvollständig rezipierten Forschungsstandes auf einen anderen, in der Erfahrung praktischer Begutachtungsprozesse basierten Zugang zum Thema. Gegenüber der Befürchtung exkludierender Wirkungen der von uns postulierten Gütekriterien macht die Replik geltend, dass diese gerade angesichts der Vielfalt qualitativer Ansätze explizit ansatzübergreifend angelegt sein müssen. Nur so lässt sich die vielfach geforderte, begründete Bewertung (besser/ schlechter) von qualitativen Publikationen und Forschungsanträgen leisten.
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