This mixed method systematic review appraises the individual, familial and systemic effect of 9/11 and the war on terror for majority and minority children and youth in North America. The results highlight the broad social consequences of the socio-political transformations associated with the terror context, which cannot be understood only through a trauma focus analysis. The social stereotypes transformed youth experiences of belonging and exclusion. The difference between the consequences for majority and minority youth suggests the need for a broader appraisal of this societal context to support the development of prevention and intervention intersectorial programs.

Since September 11, the increase in international tensions and the subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have created turmoil and fears in immigrant communities, fanned by the media in the context of the war against terrorism. This paper aims to compare the meaning systems evoked around 9/11 within two Pakistani groups-an immigrant community in Montreal and a group in Karachi. It also intends to examine the representation of themselves and of the 'Other' within these two groups. Results suggest that both Karachi and Montreal Pakistani respondents favour a conspiracy scenario which protects the Muslim community from the responsibility of 9/11 events. They refer to an argumentation process based on 'proofs', thus mirroring the political rhetoric used by the US government and its allies to justify the military intervention in Iraq. In the Montreal group, the pervasive feeling of fear and the bleak image that the community has of itself support the hypothesis of an immigrant internalisation of the negative representations of Muslim and South Asian identities in the North American context. The negative self-image observed in these minority groups indicates that more effort than ever should be dedicated to understanding the impact of the present international context on minority-majority relations in multi-ethnic societies. It is as if America is sitting right here in the living room with us … We have to ask them permission to breathe. (Parveen, Karachi).

The securitization phenomenon is based on a racialized logic that predates 9/11 and has roots in the discourse of Orientalism, the practices of European colonialism and, in the more recent times of the 20th century, the internment of Japanese Canadians during World War II. This article analyzes the “no fly list” as a counter-terrorism tool used by the Canadian government in the “war on terror.” It situates the analysis in the political context of the securitization of Muslims, the social and political processes that construct them as threats to the nation. It examines the evolution of the “no fly list” since 2001 and analyzes its impact on Muslims in Canada, drawing on well-publicized cases. It critiques the list's effectiveness based on the distinction between information and knowledge as tools to fight the “war on terror.” The “no fly list” contributes to Islamophobia through disproportionately profiling racialized Muslim and Muslim-looking passengers as members of a suspect community.

In multiethnic societies, the consequences of the war on terror (WOT) for Muslim youth are still not well understood and the school's role remains to be defined. This article documents the parent-child transmission of understanding and emotional reaction to the WOT in South Asian Muslim families in Montreal, Canada. For this qualitative study, the researchers interviewed 20 families. Results indicated that the families' emotional reactions and communication about these events were interlinked with family patterns of identity assignation. The majority of parents avoided talking with their children about the WOT and felt that these issues should not be discussed at school. Most children shared their parents' feelings of helplessness and familial patterns of identity assignation. Parents reporting a greater sense of agency displayed less avoidance, had a more complex vision of self and other, and favored the school's role in helping children make sense of these events. These results suggest that school interventions in neighborhoods strained by international tensions should emphasize immigrant parents' empowerment and provide spaces where their children feel comfortable expressing their concerns.

Cetteétude porte sur la position de sujet de personnes appartenantà des communautés musulmanes du sud asiatique vivantà Montréal, dans le contexte de la guerre au terrorisme prévalant au Canada, après le 11 septembre 2001. En se fondant sur les résultats de plusieursétudes en population générale, il démontre comment le climat de peur et de suspicion associéà la sécurisation accrue, façonne la vie et les stratégies quotidiennes des répondants de ces communautés. La surveillanceà laquelle font face les personnes de ces communautés est associée avec une internalisation de peurs qui joue un rôle de régulateur dans la représentation que les sujets ont d'eux-mêmes, de leurs relations avec leur propre communauté et de leur appartenanceà la société canadienne. This paper focuses on the subject positioning of South Asian Muslim communities in Montreal in the sociopolitical context of the war on terror (WOT) in Canada after 9/11. Drawing upon community studies, the results highlight the ways in which the climate of fear and suspicion associated with heightened security and antiterrorism concerns shapes the lives of these respondents and how they respond to it in their local contexts. The increased external scrutiny these communities face is also associated with an internalization of fear, which becomes a selfregulating factor of how they view themselves, their relationships with members of their own communities, and their belonging within the larger society.