Objectives: Probiotics are well documented for their health benefits by developing a balanced intestinal microbiota and boosting immunity. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of a probiotic preparation Enzimsporin TM (consisting of spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis B-2998D, B-3057D, and Bacillus licheniformis B-2999D) on the biochemical, hematological, immunological parameters, intestinal microbiota, and growth dynamics of sheep and lambs. Materials and Methods: Enzimsporin was fed to lambs and sheep at different doses to determine the bacteria’s probiotic effects. Sheep were divided into three groups (six each), which received 0, 1, and 3 gm of Enzimsporin/per head/day, respectively, and two groups of lambs (10 each), who received 0 gm and 1 gm of Enzimsporin/per head/day for 30 days in addition to their regular ration. On day 30, blood samples were collected, followed by the determination of biochemical, hematological, and natural resistance indicators. Fecal samples were examined to determine the intestinal microflora, and animals were weighed daily to determine their growth dynamics. Results: Supplementation of probiotics (Enzimsporin TM ) improved the lambs’ body weight gain by 18.8%. Analysis of the clinical parameters showed improvements in the levels of total protein, globulins, and urea by 5.3%, 10.8%, and 6.2%, respectively, in the blood of probiotic-supplemented lambs. Similarly, an increment in the total protein, albumins, and globulins was observed in the sheep with Enzimsporin TM supplementation. The decrease in bilirubin and cholesterol levels in the blood and increased bactericidal and phagocytic index in the sheep and lambs with probiotic supplementation indicated a positive influence of Enzimsporin TM on the liver function and natural resistance. Furthermore, an increase in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and a decrease in the Escherichia coli , Enterococcus , and Yeast in the fecal contents of experimental sheep and lambs indicated the potentiality of Enzimsporin TM on maintaining good gut health. Conclusion: Spore-forming bacteria B. subtilis B-2998D, B-3057D, and B. licheniformis B-2999D can be used in feeding sheep and lambs of 2 months of age to increase body weight gain, improve intestinal microbiota, strengthen the immune system, and maintain normal metabolic processes.

исПолЬЗование новыХ БиолоГиЧески активныХ веществ в кормлении круПноГо роГатоГо скота девяткин владимир анатольевич, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела физиологии и биохимии сельскохозяйственных животных романов виктор николаевич, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела физиологии и биохимии сельскохозяйственных животных мишуров алексей владимирович, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела физиологии и биохимии сельскохозяйственных животных

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A b s t r a c tIntroduction of the allele pool of wild species, in particular, Argali (Ovis ammon polii) into the domestic sheep (Ovis aries) of the modern breeds is one of the promising approaches to enhancing genetic diversity and, consequently, biodiversity and nutrient availability. Study of the processes of digestion, assimilation of nutrient substrates in the body and metabolism is the basis for developing the feeding systems for animals of the novel genetic variation. The objective of this survey was to study and metabolism, digestibility, and nutrient requirements of hybrids of Romanov sheep and Argali. The experiments were performed on the wethers fitted with rumen fistulas (Vivarium of the L.K. Ernst Institute for Animal Husbandry, Moscow Province, pos. Dubrovitsy) in 2014-2015. The experimental animals were divided into three groups. Group I (control) included the purebred Romanov sheep (ROM, n = 3), group II included the F 3 hybrids (HYB1, n = 3) from crossing Romanov ewes with F 2 hybrid Romanov ewes and Argali (87.5 % of the Romanov sheep blood and 12.5 % of the Argali blood), and group III included the F 3 hybrids (HYB2, n = 3) from crossing F 2 hybrids Romanov ewes and Argali with the Edilbaj sheep (50 % of the Edilbaj sheep blood, 37.5 % of the Romanov sheep blood, and 12.5 % of the Argali blood). The rumen content and blood samples for the analysis were taken an hour before feeding and in three hours after feeding. The production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (using Markham distillation apparatus), the amount of ammonia-N (by the Conway microdiffusion method), amylolytic activity (photometrically), the protozoa and bacteria biomass (by centrifugation) have been measured in rumen. Hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count and white blood cell count were determined. The levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, glucose, cholesterol were estimated in blood serum. The ruminal fermentation in the hybrid animals, when compared to the purebred animals, was more active; it could be confirmed by the higher total microbial mass in hybrid animals (+37.0 % and +37.3 %, respectively, before feeding; +22,2 % and +33.3 %, respectively, after feeding), the VFA increased concentration (+17.5 % and +26.1 %, respectively, before feeding; +8.7 % and +12.0 %, respectively, after feeding), the increased amylolytic activity in rumen fluid (+10.3 ...+14.0 %), and the decreased ammonia concentrations (8.4…27.7 %). Intensified fermentation caused the better nutrient digestibility and utilization in hybrid animals. The HYB1 sheep, when compared to the control group, were characterized by the better digestibility of dry matter (+7.8 %), organic matter (+5.3 %), crude protein (+6.9 %), crude fat (+3.8 %, p < 0.05), crude fiber (+6.5 %, p < 0.05), and the nitrogen free extractable substances (NFE) (+4.5 %). The nitrogen utilization coefficient in the ROM group comprised 27.9 %, which is 8.9 % and 8.5 % less than that in the...

The article examines the effect of fat obtained from the dried larva of Hermetia illucens on the metabolic processes and rumen digestion in Romanov sheep. The obtained research results showed that fat feeding did not affect the level of total blood protein (81,03 vs. 82,27 g/l; p>0,05) with almost the same ratio of albumin to globulins (0,75 vs. 0,82; p>0,05). The level of urea in the animals of the experimental group was also at the control level (6,16 vs. 6,93 mmol/l; p>0,05). A higher level of AST in the blood serum of the experimental animals by 25,5% (p<0,05), with a General orientation to the increase of the ratio of AST/ALT (p>0,05). Fat feeding resulted in an increase in the level of total bilirubin in to 78,3% (p<0,01), and 25,5% (p<0,05) in AST levels compared to the control, which may indirectly indicate an intensification of metabolic processes in animals of this group, with almost the same level of alkaline phosphatase. In the sheep of the experimental group, there was a slight increase in the fermentation processes in the rumen, as evidenced by an increase in the level of VFA by 6,9% with a decrease in pH by 0,13 units, with an increase in the concentration of ammonia by 24,5% by 3 hours after feeding compared with the indicators of the control group.