No abstract

No abstract

Modern optical systems of virtual displays are organized on various principles, including holographic, geometrical, and diffraction. This article discusses the most widely used types and features of these systems.

An algorithm for selecting the correct starting point for computer optimization of a two-mirror scanner with a meniscus lens is developed for use in laser machining. This algorithm performs joint analysis of aplanatism condition fulfillment and the field characteristics of the ghosts reflected from the meniscus surfaces back into the scanner mirror space. For integrity, all equations and estimates are given with respect to a major parameter: the curvature of the input surface. The second powerful tool for the optimization is the distance from the meniscus to the scanning mirrors, though its applicability is significantly limited by design considerations. Several scanner variants used to perform basic laser machining processes at various power levels are considered in detail. It is found that, for a fixed output numerical aperture, compacting the scanner always improves its optical performance. In general, compacting is an alternative to using scanners in systems with high-power laser sources. The results of this work are valid for any optical material and wavelength and are particularly relevant for systems based on CO 2 lasers, in which such scanners remain widely used.