In 1958, the first data appeared on the use of ultrasound for the diagnosis of certain gynecological diseases, as well as in obstetric practice for the establishment of presentation, multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios, vesicular drift, measuring the size of the head [24, 25, 26, 27, 46, 48, 49].

A large number of needles have been proposed for intraosseous infusions and bone punctures, but they have disadvantages: they are complex in structure, short, with a large diameter, without a fixed mandrel and a convenient handle. For intraosseous anesthesia, a needle with a handle convenient for insertion into the bone with a peg at the end, an oblique cut and a fixed mandrel is proposed, thanks to which blockage of the needle with bone substance is excluded. But this needle is not without drawbacks.

Пролапс гениталий (ПГ) у женщин в настоящее время является одной из актуальных и нерешенных проблем современной гинекологии. По данным разных авторов [1, 2], распространенность ПГ в общей популяции составляет от 4,5 до 30%. В.И. Краснопольский и соавт. [3] считают, что удельный вес ПГ среди гинекологических нозологических форм заболеваний в отделениях оперативной гинекологии в России составляет 28-38,9% [2, 3]. В структуре показаний к плановому оперативному лечению опущение и выпадение внутренних половых органов занимают третье место после доброкачественных опухолей гениталий и эндометриоза [4]. По мнению исследователей [5-7], состояние тазового дна напрямую зависит от травм, перенесенных в родах,

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We have performed a selective expert evaluation of 111 cases of lethal outcomes of newborns delivered by cesarean section. In the total number of operations performed during the study period, the number of neonates who died by means of this surgical intervention was 5.8%. The incidence of infant deaths after cesarean section in the early neonatal period among all neonatal deaths during the same period reached 24.8%. The high proportion of children delivered by cesarean section in the structure of early neonatal mortality indicates the relevance and practical significance of studying the causes of infant mortality in this group.