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The article presents a brief historical overview of the neurosurgical methods development in neurological and psychiatric practice. The article also presents modern methods of functional neurosurgery and the results of neurosurgical correction in the complex therapy of therapeutic resistant neurological and mental disorders. 57 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 32 patients with resistant obsessive-compulsive and depressive disorders had neurosurgical treatment. The using of functional stereotactic neurosurgery methods to overcome therapeutic resistance is safe and effective if the selection criteria and careful preoperative preparation, including the neuroimaging survey, will be met. But, for now the using of neurosurgical correction on the mentally ill is possible only in absolutely non-incurable cases.