Harvesting of root crops is one of the most important technological processes, which accounts for more than 30% of total costs in the performance of all technological operations. The most difficult technological process during the potato harvesting is the process of soil separation, which consists in the destruction of soil clods, and further their separation on the web elevators. It was established that the ability of soil to separate is determined by its state. These factors affect the ability to use potato harvesters and determine their efficiency. On loamy and clayey soils, the separation efficiency is reduced. The separation of the soil becomes much more difficult with increased its moisture. In order to intensify the process of destruction of the soil layer it is proposed to form in it destructive stresses along the entire path of movement along the working surface of the share. This can be achieved by creating a share with a curved working surface. The design of share working surface is based on the Coulomb-Mohr strength theory, according to which material failure occurs at various combinations of the main normal compression stresses and tension. At the same time, it is taken into account that the compressive strength of the soil is 3-7, and with a shear of 2.4-4.3 and more times, exceeds the tensile strength. Therefore, it is advisable to induce tensile stresses in the soil layer. Field trials have shown that replacing a flat share on a potato harvester with a new share with a curved working surface increases the efficiency of its technological process by intensifying the process of destruction of the soil layer.

05.20.01 Технологии и средства механизации сельского хозяйства (технические науки) 05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences) ОБОСНОВАНИЕ РАЗМЕРА КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО АГРЕГАТА ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ И ПОСЕВА SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SIZE OF A COMBINED DEVICE FOR TILLAGE AND SOWING

The analysis of a transformer converter of the number of phases TCNP-2 with balancing elements on the low side of a step-down transformer is given. The purpose and objectives of the analysis of PFHF-2 are formulated. In the analysis of TCNP-2, 15 equations were compiled in a complex form, as a result of which three main equations were obtained for complex currents at the input of TCNP-2. Having decomposed the obtained system of equations into symmetrical components of the currents of the forward, reverse, and zero sequences, we determined the resistance and capacitances of the balancing capacitors. Thus, the dependences of the capacitor parameters on the current and power factor of a single-phase load are established. Having solved the system of equations of three currents TCNP-2, we determined the dependences of the currents and voltages of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer and the balancing elements on the load current. The dependences of the capacities of the transformer and phase-converting elements on the power of a three-phase load are also determined. The authors developed and built on a complex plane a vector diagram of voltages and currents TCNP-2, with the help of which a method for phase converting a single-phase current to a three-phase one for a two-wire power transmission system is disclosed.

Relevance. This paper presents relevant topic of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the agroindustrial complex (AIC) to obtain timely reliable information about the state of agricultural land for the entire period. In modern infocommunication technologies and communication systems, high requirements are placed on the reliability of information transmission. In mobile data exchange systems, compositions of noise-resistant codes are used in the form of cascade designs or turbo codes, and in order to increase their efficiency, it is necessary to make the fullest use of the redundancy introduced at each stage of data processing. To solve such a problem, it is advisable to apply a decoding method based on the ordering of the character confidence indices (CCI) of the code combination.Methods. When determining the encoding-decoding systems, the Mathcad application software was used. Mathematical studies have shown that binary block codes for reaching the specified boundary can be decoded not only on the basis of ordered statistics, but also using the method of dividing the space of allowed code combinations into clusters. Based on this method, a block diagram of the algorithm of the simulation model of the operation of the block code decoder based on cluster calculation is compiled.Results. The application of the proposed method of soft decoding of systematic block codes reduces the processing time of code combinations in the decoder by reducing the dimension of the square matrix to determine the nonlinearity property of the rows of the rearranged generating matrix after ordering the columns of the original generating matrix.

Ambient temperature, frequency and intensity of precipitation in natural conditions are random processes that cannot be controlled. Therefore, it will be possible to regulate the moisture content on the roots spreading zone only due to the formation by the tillage machines and their working bodies of a certain soil structure in the layer being treated, on which the heat exchange between soil horizons will depend. To select and justify the type of tillage machines and their working bodies, it is proposed to develop a soil condition model that describes the moisture content level of the root zone for certain soil and weather conditions, presented in the form of a dynamic system. To develop a common model of the soil state based on the parameters of heat and moisture transfer, elementary layers soil state models were completed for the each layer to a depth until 90 cm. The conducted field experimental studies made it possible to obtain reliable information on the state of the soil in terms of its moisture and temperature in different layers of the soil horizon, depending on the use of different types of interrow cultivators in the intensive technology of potato growing in the same soil and climatic conditions on the same field. Statistical processing of the results of experimental studies made it possible to obtain a reliable estimate of the soil temperature and soil moisture content processes. Based on the mathematical processing of the experimental data, elementary model operators were obtained and their validity was verified by regression analysis methods. Due to using these models, it is possible to make a prognostic assessment of the soil moisture parameter in the underlying layers of the soil horizon based on an assessment of the degree of moistening topsoil layer. It is also possible to predict the level of moisture supply of plants depending on the type of tillage and its depth.