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Goal. To determine the yield ability and oil content of seeds of different flax varieties under different conditions of moisture and doses of mineral fertilizers in the zone of Southern Steppes of Ukraine. Methods. Field-to determine the dependence of the object of study on human factors and productivity, analysis-to assess the conditions of cultivation, statistical-to calculate and assess the results obtained. Results. At cultivation of flax on different backgrounds of moisture in the droughty steppe of Ukraine, it was established that irrigation provides an increase of seed yield in cultivars Orfei (0.79 t/ha), Vira (0.82 t/ha), Evrika (1.03 t/ha) with the application of the N90P60. Mineral fertilizing in the dose of N90P60 will provide the maximum yield of seeds of the varieties Evrika, Orfei, Vira with irrigation and without it-1,33-2.36 t/ha; 1,45-2.24; 1,47-2.29 t/ha respectively. The highest oil content in flax seeds, which made up 46% on non-irrigated areas, and 47.4% for irrigation, was obtained from the variety Vira at entering N60P60. Oil yield was 569 and 966 kg/ha, respectively. Conclusions. For the first time for new flax varieties Evrika, Orfei, Vira in growing for seeds in different conditions of moisture in the dry conditions of Southern steppe of Ukraine it was established that irrigation provides a yield increase of 0.79-1.03 t/ha. With the application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N90P60 they obtained the maximum seed yield of all the studied flax varieties. It is proved that in conditions of Southern steppe of Ukraine it is better to sow a variety of flax Vira which at entering fertilizers in the dose of N90P60 without irrigation provides a yield of 1.47 t/ha, and oil content of 45.4%. At irrigation, the yield reaches 2.29 t/ha, oil content-47.4%, which corresponds to 966 kg/ha.