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A prospective, randomized, open research was performed, including 114 patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy: 1 group -non-smokers (57 people), 2 group -smokers (57 people).Among smokers, both during the operation and within the near postoperative period (up to 120 minutes), the number of critical incidents increases, connected with the followingsystems: respiratory system, blood circulation system, and, especially, nervoussystem: motor excitation, fever, muscular tremors, the feeling of air lack.Research Results allow to recommend to the anesthetist to pay attention to the smoking experience, the quantity of smoked cigarettes per day and to be wary concerning the occurrence of possible critical incidents.