During the analysis of the age of heifers, in which they became pregnant, it was found that 28.5% of animals were fertilized before 14 months of age. However, 45.2% of heifers became pregnant from 14 till 17 months. At the age from 17 till 20 months, 23.6% of heifers became pregnant. At least 2.7% of heifers were inseminated after reaching the age of more than 20 months. A frequency analysis of calving complicated course firstborn depending on age heifers during fertilization showed that it has noted and a third of fertilized heifers under 14 months of age and a group of 17 and up to 20-months. The frequency of complicated calving was lower by 7.9% in first-born cows that were fertilized at the age of heifers from 14 to 17 months., Than heifers first and third groups. In firstborn fertilized after 20 months of age and complications is calving were recorded in 50.0% of cases. Analysis of spread of Art and complicated course calving cows of different age groups depending on the number of previous families showed that it observed in 24.7% of all cows animals that calved. The largest of the share was 16.3% firstborn. Cows at the second calving or impeded his progress noted a 4.9 times fewer animals and in cows third calving share its complications decreased 12.5 times relatively firstborn. Animals of the fourth and subsequent calving we are number of complications was smaller group of first fruits of 4.3 times (p ˂0,001). The frequency of culling cows in the herd was 23.7%. And the analysis of the structure of culled cows depending on the age and period of lactation showed that during 90 days of lactation 57.5% of cows dropped out. Every fourth cow dropped out at the end of lactation. First-born 47.2% of all culled cows were most often culled of all cows rejected. Animal second lactation dropped to 1.55 times (p ˂0,01) less or the same first-born, and cows third and fourth lactations or more dropped to 2.8 - 2.6 times (p ˂0,01) less than cows of the second lactation. Most first-born 24.2% were culled during 90 days of lactation, cows of the third and fourth and more lactations dropped out 3.6 and 3.3 times (p ˂0.05) less. At the end of lactation, 15.3% of first-born cows dropped out, which is 9.7% more than cows of the second lactation and 12.9% more than cows of the third and fourth and more lactations.

The article provides data on the causes and premature culling of cows. Extraordinary activities are a matter of productivity of cows, which significantly affect the efficiency of milk production in livestock farms. First of all, the number and intensity of manifestations of other pathological processes in the body to enhance the quality of milk (grade, bacterial contamination, etc.). The next factor in the economic condition of both an individual economy and the industry as a whole is the length of the productive period. Premature culling of cows entails damage from inefficient use of feed, costs for the unproductive period (from birth to 1 calving), losses from undersupply of calves and often loss of breeding value of the livestock. The aim of the work was to establish the reasons for the culling of cows, which affects the efficiency of the enterprise, especially at the age of 4-6 years (3-5 lactations). At the same time, we used the data of the Uniform-Agri accounting program of the Astarta-Kiev agricultural holding, statistical research methods, and the processing of the data obtained was carried out using a Microsoft Excel 2016 spreadsheet processor. It was found that during 2017-2019. out of 47,282 16538 head retired, which amounted to about 35.0% of the total breeding stock, the largest number of retired cows was observed in the first lactation - 4602, which is 27.8%. In 37.1% of cases, obstetric and gynecological diseases and pathological conditions of the mammary gland were diagnosed. At the same time, 24.5% of culled cows were diagnosed with surgical pathology. In addition, 20.8% of cows dropped out due to metabolic disorders, due to violations of the parameters of keeping and feeding. The next step was to determine the proportion of cow culling due to obstetric (23.9%), gynecological (49.0%), surgical (59.1%) pathology and breast diseases (27.7%). It was also important that 30% of the culled cows had a diagnosis of maceration and mummification of the fetus or ordinary abortion. It should be noted that the vast majority of animals had obstetric, gynecological and surgical pathology at the same time. The culling of animals by age was: after the 1st lactation 31.9%, the 2nd lactation decreased by 12.6 %, and the 3rd, 4th and 5th and more lactations, respectively, by 3.0%. 2.9 and 4.3% Key words: cow, culling, obstetric, gynecological, surgical pathology.