Under present conditions of depletion of natural resources and introduction of a moratorium for commercial sturgeon fishing there is a need to take urgent and radical steps in order to conserve the Caspian populations of these valuable species. Natural and artificial reproduction efficiency shall be improved in order to restore sturgeon population level in the Volga-Caspian basin. The analysis of the current state of natural sturgeon reproduction in the Volga river unregulated part has shown that due to a variety of reasons its efficiency has been minimized. The role and importance of artificial reproduction is increasing, yet in the last years its efficiency has been negated because of increasing deficiency of sturgeon sires in natural populations. Timely composition of productive stocks in the fish ponds of 6 Astrakhan region sturgeon breeding hatcheries allows to provide artificial reproduction fish-breeding operations with high quality spawns and milters within the conditions of their population’s decline in the natural habitats. The data on the quantity and the biomass of the sturgeon productive stocks at the Astrakhan sturgeon hatcheries prove that the prospects for developing artificial reproduction are possible only due to using stocks available at the hatcheries.
Резюме. Цель. Аркуатное ядро (АЯ) гипоталамуса является одним из интегративных центров, ответ-ственных за энергетический метаболизм млекопитающих. Изучена реакция АЯ белых крыс на токсиче-ский стресс, вызванный введением хлорида кадмия в условиях естественного освещения, световой и темновой деприваций. Методы. Токсикант вводили перорально в дозе 2 мг на 100 г массы тела еже-дневно в течение 15 дней после месяца адаптации к искусственному фоторежиму. Синтетическую ак-тивность оценивали методом кариолометрии на окрашенных гематоксилином и эозином срезах гипота-ламуса. Результаты. Как световая, так и темновая депривации приводили к уменьшению размеров нуклеол АЯ у животных обоего пола. Соль кадмия в условиях естественного освещения вызвала уменьшение размеров нуклеол, но только у самцов. Напротив, на фоне темновой депривации хлорид кадмия приводил к снижению активности АЯ только у самок. Световая депривация способствовала уве-личению синтетической активности нейроцитов АЯ под действием соли кадмия у самцов, но не изменя-ла таковую у самок. Заключение. Влияние токсического стресса, вызванного введением хлорида кад-мия, на гипоталамический центр, ответственный за энергетический метаболизм организма, зависит от режима освещенности и пола животного. Угнетение синтетической деятельности АЯ хлоридом кадмия при естественном освещении более выражено у самцов, а при темновой депривации -у самок. Ключевые слова: гипоталамус, аркуатное ядро, фоторежимы, кадмий, токсический стресс.Формат цитирования: Котельникова С.В., Котельников А.В., Зайцев В.Ф. Влияние токсического стресса на морфофункциональное состояние аркуатного ядра гипоталамуса в условиях измененного режима освещенности // Юг России: экология, развитие. 2016. Т.11, N2. C. 185-191. DOI: 10.18470/1992185-191. DOI: 10.18470/ -1098185-191. DOI: 10.18470/ -2016 Abstract. Aim. Arcuate nucleus (AN) of the hypothalamus is one of the integrative centers responsible for energy metabolism in mammals. Reaction of the arcuatus nucleus of white rats on the toxic stress caused by introduction of cadmium chloride in the conditions of natural illumination, light and dark deprivations was studied. Methods. The toxicant was entered per os at a dose of 2 mg on 100 g of body weight a daily for 15 days after one month of adaptation to an the artificial photomode. Synthetic activity was estimated a method nucleoli volumes' measurement on hematoxylin and eosin sections of the hypothalamus. Results. As light and dark deprivations led to the reduction of the nucleoli volumes of AN at animals of both sexes. Salt of cadmium in the conditions of natural illumination has caused reduction of the nucleoli sizes, but only in males. On the contrary, on the background of dark deprivation
THE IMPACT OF TOXIC STRESS ON THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC ARCUATE NUCLEUS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CHANGED MODE OF LIGHT EXPOSURE
In the course of the research, the biological features of the accumulation of
microelements by the organs and tissues of the Persian sturgeon in comparison
with the Russian, as well as the regularities of the age accumulation of sturgeon
were revealed. Studies of the elemental composition of organs and tissues of the
Persian (Acipenser persicus, Borodin, 1897) and Russian (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii,
Brandt, 1833) sturgeon revealed a number of specific features associated with
different rates of metabolic processes in fish: the level of iron, copper, manganese,
zinc, and mercury in the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) in almost all organs
and tissues, it was recorded higher than in the Russian, at the same time, the
content of cadmium and cobalt indicates its greater accumulation in the organs
and tissues of the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii).
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