Introduction Recently it is found that circulating miRNA-21 is associated with chronic heart failure (CHF) and ischemic heart disease. Its clinical significance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and CHF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (≥50%) has to be investigated. Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of miRNA-21 in the peripheral blood of HCM patients and CHF with preserved LVEF (≥50%). Materials and methods From 2014 to 2019 years we examined 180 HCM patients. The study population consisted of 60 patients ≥19 years old (51.5 [36.2; 65.7]) with symptomatic HCM and CHF with preserved LVEF (≥50%). The diagnosis of HCM was established according to the guideline of the European society of cardiology on the diagnosis and treatment of HCM, 2014. The control group included 45 healthy donors without cardiovascular diseases and other severe pathologies, matched by age and sex with the studied group. Total RNA was extracted from plasma of patients. MiRNA-21 and reference RNA U6 cDNA was prepared based on StemLoop-technology. Expression was examined using semiquantitative RT-PCR protocol. Calculation of the relative gene expression level of miRNA-21 was done according to the standard procedure 2-ΔCt. IBM SPSS software package and Microsoft Excel 2010 were used for the statistical analysis of the collected data. Results The serum expression level of miRNA-21 in HCM patients (n=60) varied from 0.13 to 477.7 (4.92 [1.77; 13]) and was significantly higher than those in the control group (0.01 - 9.85 (0.84 [0.55; 1.23]), with statistically significant difference (p=0.001). The HCM group was divided according to CHF severity: I-II functional class (NYHA) (n=42) and III-IV functional class (NYHA) (n=18) subgroups. It was found a significant increase of expression microRNA-21 level in both subgroups HCM patients, compared with control group (p=0.001). The expression level of miRNA-21 also differed between HCM patients and CHF III-IV functional class (NYHA) vs those, who had CHF I-II functional class (NYHA) – 1.1–477.7 (13 [3.88; 41]) vs 0.1–119.4 (3.25 [1.41; 6.06]), respectively (p=0.003). In HCM patients and CHF III-IV functional class (NYHA) (n=18) the expression level of miRNA-21 positively correlated with LVEF (r=0.609; p<0.05). Conclusion HCM patients with CHF III-IV functional class (NYHA) and preserved LVEF (≥50%) demonstrated high expression level of miRNA-21. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Almazov Federal Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Pavlov University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation

Транстиретиновый амилоидоз в когорте пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью старческого возраста и долгожителей Ключевые слова: транстиретиновый амиоидоз дикого типа, старческий амилоидоз, фенокопия ГКМП, хроническая сердечная недостаточность Ссылка для цитирования: Полякова А. А., Семернин Е. Н., Ситникова М. Ю., Авагян К. Л., Грозов Р. В., Пыко С. А. и др. Транстиретиновый амилоидоз в когорте пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью старческого возраста и долгожителей. Кардиология 2018;58(S2):12-18 Резюме Введение. Прижизненная диагностика транстиретинового амилоидоза «дикого» типа [ATTR(wt)-амилоидоз] практически отсутствует. При этом AТТR(wt)-амилоидоз является недооцененной причиной заболеваемости и смертности, особенно в старшей возрастной группе. Цель. Изу чить частоту, демографические показатели и морфофункциональные особенности AТТR(wt)-амилоидоза у пациентов с ХСН I-IV ФК и гипертрофией ЛЖ ≥15 мм по результатам аутопсий. Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ посмертных заключений, включавших пациентов отделения кардиологического профиля (n=141) с ведущим синдромом ХСН. Возраст составил ≥69 лет, мужчин -19 %, женщин -81 %. Из фиксированных формалином фрагментов миокарда, залитых в парафин, подготовлены срезы толщиной 5-7 мкм, которые окрашивали красителем Конго красным (Sigma, США) и просматривали в микроскопе как в обычном, так и в поляризованном свете. Также проведен иммуногистохимический анализ с применением антител к АА-амилоиду, транстиретину, каппаи лямбда-легким цепям иммуноглобулинов. Результаты. Отложения амилоида выявлены в старческом возрасте и у долгожителей, средний возраст составил 91,25±9,67 лет, преимущественно у женщин в связи с более низкой продолжительностью жизни мужчин. При ХСН различного ФК, ассоциирующейся с гипертрофией ЛЖ по данным аутопсии, амилоидные отложения встречаются практически у каждого пятого умершего (в 21 % случаев). Количество амилоидных отложений в миокарде в основном было небольшим (56 % наблюдений имели отложения амилоида -(+) и 27 % -(++)), значительное количество амилоида выявлено в 17 % случаев (+++ -7 % и ++++ -10 %). Наличие амилоидных отложений не влияло достоверно на такие показатели гипертрофии миокарда, как толщина межжелудочковой перегородки, задней стенки ЛЖ, и масса сердца. В представленных нами случаях наблюдается типичное для ATTR(wt)-амилоидоза очаговое отложение амилоида в миокарде, при этом в 97 % случаев амилоид располагается в интерстиции вокруг кардиомиоцитов и в 3 % случаев исключительно вокруг сосудов. Заключение. ATTR(wt)-амилоидоз выявлен у каждого пятого пациента в когорте пациентов старческого возраста и долгожителей, преимущественно у женщин (83 %), и не был диагностирован при жизни. Характерными морфологическими проявлениями ATTR(wt)-амилоидоза являются очаговые отложения амилоида, главным образом в интерстиции миокарда.

The objective was to study the clinical features of symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) depending on the age of onset and the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods and materials. From 2014 to 2020, 250 patients were examined, 100 patients with symptomatic HCM aged 18 to 86 years were included in the study.Results. The incidence of arterial hypertension (AH), obesity, and angina syndrome was significantly higher in patients with HCM aged 45 years and older. The patients with HCM and associated obesity had greater left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left antero-posterior size regardless of the age of onset of clinical manifestations. The young patients with HCM and associated obesity had more often AH. Patients with HCM with the disease onset ≥ 45 years of age and associated obesity had greater left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index. In this group of patients, pulmonary hypertension was more often diagnosed.Conclusion. Obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors are predictors of the progressive course of HCM, which points the need for their prevention and timely correction.

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The objective was to study the clinical features of symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) depending on the form (familial / non-familial), the age of onset and the presence of arterial hypertension (AH).Methods and materials. During 6 years, we examined 250 HCM patients, 100 patients with symptomatic HCM aged from 18 to 86 years were included in the study. Results. Patients with the clinical manifestations onset at a young age more often had a familial form of the disease, an autosomal dominant type of inheritance, an asymmetric HCM with reverse curve interventricular septal morphology. On the contrary, patients with the clinical manifestations onset at the age of ≥45 years had non-familial form of the disease and asymmetric HCM with basal interventricular septal hypertrophy. The young HCM patients with associated AH more often were obese, had CHF of III–IV functional class (NYHA), larger anteroposterior left atrial diameter than patients without AH and more often needed interventricular septal reduction. HCM patients and associated AH with the disease onset at the age of ≥45 years significantly more often had angina syndrome. Absolute indications for interventricular septal reduction in HCM patients with the disease onset ≥45 years of age were determined only for HCM patients and associated AH. At the same time, 50 % of HCM+AH patients both at a young age and in the older group, had obesity. Conclusions. The interventricular septal morphology differs significantly depending on the age of clinical manifestations onset. Co-existing AH and obesity are predictors of the progressive HCM course and an increase in the proportion of patients with absolute indications for interventricular septal reductions regardless of the age of clinical manifestations onset.