Resumen AbstractThe comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders is very common. A review of literature addressing prevalence, clinical features and treatment of the comorbidity between ADHD and CNS depressants was conducted. The prevalences found have a wide range (4.5% to 58%). ADHD has been associated with greater severity of addiction, early onset of consumption and addiction, more psychiatric comorbidity and more chronicity. In drug-dependent patients the diagnosis is a complex process because the frequent overlap of symptoms. The screening instruments should be used with caution.Drug therapy has shown efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms, but there is no consensus regarding their influence on substance use.However, results should be interpreted cautiously, because the samples are small. Psychoeducational interventions are relevant, but treatment outcomes have not been described or studied systematically.Key Words: ADHD, addictions, alcohol, cannabis, opioids.Existe una elevada comorbilidad entre el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) y los trastornos por uso de sustancias. Se revisa la literatura sobre la prevalencia, características clínicas y tratamiento de la comorbilidad del TDAH con la dependencia de sustancias depresoras del SNC. Las prevalencias encontradas presentan amplia variabilidad (4,5% a 58%). El TDAH se asocia a una mayor gravedad de la adicción, menor edad de inicio del consumo y de la adicción, mayor presencia de otros trastornos psicopatológicos y mayor cronicidad. En pacientes drogodependientes el diagnóstico es un proceso complejo por el frecuente solapamiento de síntomas. Los instrumentos de cribado se deben utilizar con precaución.El tratamiento farmacológico ha mostrado eficacia en la reducción de los síntomas del TDAH y no hay consenso respecto a su influencia sobre el consumo. Sin embargo, los resultados se deben interpretar con cautela, porque las muestras son pequeñas. Las intervenciones psicoeducativas son relevantes, pero no se han descrito, ni estudiado sistemáticamente los resultados de este tipo de intervenciones.
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