The increasing production of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and the ever-greater consumption of natural resources is forcing society to search for alternatives in order to reduce both. Fortunately, many studies have analysed the possibility of producing recycled aggregates (RA) using old concrete from C&DW [1-6], precast industries [7-10] and industry wastes [11-13]. However, the use of RA against the use of natural aggregate (NA) for structural concrete on material performance, environmental benefits and financial viability of the studies conducted so far do not fully demonstrate the choice of production of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with a significant advantage [14]. RA influences the physical and mechanical properties of RAC. The direct influence of the quality of RA on the durability is analysed in [7,15] showing that RA coming from precast-structural concretes is one of the most adequate in order to produce RAC. In terms of durability, the incorporation of recycled aggregate was responsible for worse results but did not compromise their use in structural concrete [16,17]. The properties of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) have a significant impact on the macro mechanical properties of concrete [18]. X-ray computed axial tomography (CT) provides cross-sectional views of materials, components, and assemblies for non-destructive evaluation [19]. It can be used to examine concrete [20] and the high-resolution X-ray micro-CT allows modelling the permeability of cementitious materials [21]. On the one hand, the irregular surface of the old adhered mortar of the RA contributes to the improvement of the physical bond between the old and new cement matrix [22]. On the other hand, the lower mechanical resistance due to the adhered mortar contributes to reduce the compressive strength [15] and significantly so in the case of dynamic rather than static loading [3,23-25] but no significant influence of the recycled aggregate content on the durability performance of concrete exposed to aggressive environments is detected after years [26]. Multiple recycled aggregate properties analysed by X-ray microtomography C. Thomas a, ⁎

The A330/340 HTP leading edge has shifted the prior composite into a new metallic design based on a SPF/DB manufacturing process for a two sheet D‐nose. Superplastic forming and diffusion bonding were the technological means to obtain an integrated detailed part. Moreover, this component was part of the set that made introduction and development SPF/DB feasible within EADS CASA at its facilities located in Cadiz. The main driving factor to launch this program was the weight saving intended for the A330/340 horizontal stabilizer. The design concept was based on two raw material sheets (with initial nominal thicknesses of 3 mm and 0.8 mm) forming skins and spars. The skin was shaped into an aerodynamic nose and the flat spar was also stiffened by swages. It was diffusion bonded to the above mentioned skin by means of two flanges. The final shape is denominated by the term D‐nose, due to the resulting geometrical configuration. The initial manufacturing process was based on a two step press forming process, with part integration as the main goal. This process was robust enough to achieve structural parts with industrial tolerance ranges. Since tighter tolerances ranges and higher than expected ramp up arose, creative improvements were set up to meet the program expectations. A single press forming phase was implemented, resulting in a lower press labour time and a higher quality product. Further increased mass production rates challenged the industrial means to reach higher efficiency. A compromise between part integration, costs and industrial means best practices has shown how detail parts assembly constitutes also a cost effective solution under specific industrial conditions. This article describes the advantages and drawbacks of three alternative SPF manufacturing processes to fabricate superplastic titanium alloys leading edges, which have been validated for mass production purposes.