Today, fusariotoxins play an increasingly important role in the pathology of farm animals, among which deoxynivalenol plays an important role. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common fusariotoxins. It affects the health of animals that consume contaminated feed, and can lead to various metabolic disorders, disrupting the body's homeostasis. One of the main effects of deoxynivalenol is that it stimulates the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn causes the acute phase of inflammation in animals. In addition, deoxynivalenol leads to a decrease in appetite and can cause hypophagia in animals, which in turn leads to a decrease in daily gains. The direction of the conducted research is aimed at identifying the optimal substrate for the synthesis of deoxynivalenol and its maximum accumulation by the fungus F. graminearum, and also established the optimal parameters for the synthesis of mycotoxin (cultivation temperature, substrate humidity, cultivation period). Grains of the following crops were used as substrates: wheat, rice, corn, barley, oats, rye, millet, millet, peas, soybeans, sunflower, mustard, rapeseed, buckwheat, and flax. Deoxynivalenol in samples was determined by thin-layer chromatography. The production of deoxynivalenol was studied in the temperature ranges of 4, 17, 24, and 28 °C; humidity of the substrate in the range from 14–90 % and the duration of cultivation from 1 to 4 weeks. The mycotoxin-producing activity of the fungus F. graminearum isolate 195/1 was largely determined by the studied parameters. The maximum amount of deoxynivalenol was produced at a temperature of 24 ºС, a substrate humidity of 50%, and a duration of cultivation of 24 days. Of the tested substrates, rice was the best for deoxynivalenol production. The obtained results serve as a basis for possible prediction of feed contamination with deoxynivalenol and, in general, will allow to optimize measures to combat mycotoxicosis and thus minimize the possible risks of mycotoxin poisoning of people and animals.

The state of the microclimate in the light-frame, reconstructed cowshed and milking parlor with a loose-box method of keeping a dairy herd in the spring was studied; the influence of different conditions and parameters of the microclimate on milk quality was investigated. It was found that the temperature in the reconstructed cowshed with forced milking in the hall by the milking machine «Yalynka» averaged 14.27 ± 2.105 ° C, while in the milking parlor the temperature was slightly higher than 16.38 ± 1.335 ° C. In the light frame cowshed the temperature was 12.24 ± 1.380 ° С, and in the milking zone of cows with the robotic installation almost without deviation 12.14 ± 1.715 ° С. Humidity and speed of air movement in the compared rooms was within the hygienic norms. Microbiological indicators of bacterial air pollution in both rooms correspond to hygienic norms, but in the reconstructed cowshed the number of colony-forming units in 1 m3 was higher. The largest number of colony-forming units in 1 m3 was recorded in the air of the milking parlor where the UDE-8 "Yalynka" unit is located due to insufficient ventilation, high humidity and temperature. Dispersion of the tiny drops from the cows udder in the air and other body limbs, equipment and fences when washing the milking parlor with water under pressure. In a light frame cowshed with free milking with a robotic unit at the ALC "Terezyne", the acidity of milk was 16.4 ± 0.64 ° T; the purity degree was according to the standard of the first group, the temperature 30 minutes after milking was 4.2 ± 0.57 ° C; microbial contamination of milk was on average 233.4 ± 8.64 thousand CFU / cm3; the titre of colon bacillus group was about one; the number of somatic cells was 376.9 ± 29 thousand / cm3, which ultimately corresponded to the highest grade according to DSTU 3662: 2018. When milking by the UDE-8 "Yalynka", the acidity of the obtained milk was 18.6 ± 0.42 ° T; the degree of purity according to the standard corresponded to the first group, the temperature 30 minutes after milking was 5.8 ± 0.71 ° C; microbial contamination of milk averaged 292.3 ± 12.3 thousand CFU / cm3; the titre of colon bacillus group was about one; the number of somatic cells was 465.7 ± 19 thousand / cm3, which ultimately corresponded to the first grade according to DSTU 3662: 2018. Therefore, the maintenance of the dairy herd in both light-frame and reconstructed premises allows to form a sufficiently comfortable sanitary and hygienic conditions. The increase in microbial contamination of milk obtained from cows in the milking parlor by UDE- 8 "Yalynka" is the result of insufficient operation of the ventilation system of the milking parlor and improper implementation of certain elements of preparation of animals for milking. Key words: light-frame cowshed, microclimate, milking parlor, milk quality.

Intensive poultry farming technologies are closely linked to a variety of environmental, technological, feed and biological stressors, which tend to negatively affect their productivity and immune defenses. In the pathogenesis of such detrimental effects, the leading role belongs to the overproduction of oxygen free radicals - oxidative stress. The latter activates a number of transcription factors, including Nrf-2 and Nf-kB, which modulate the antioxidant defense network and participate in the organization of infection control. NDC is able to reduce the activation of Nf-kB and thus maintain antioxidant balance, but the response of the immune system to this factor is insufficiently studied. The aim of our work is to investigate the effect of NDC on the antigen of non-specific immunity of quails by adding it to drinking water. The object of study were the quail of the Pharaoh breed, experimental and control groups formed at the age of one day on the principle of analogues. The birds were kept in cages with free access to food and water. Quails of the experimental group in drinking water was added to the feed additive Nanocerium at a dose of 8.6 mg per liter of drinking water. This additive is an aqueous dispersion of NDC with an average nanoparticle size of 2-7 nm. The average weight of quails at the end of the experiment (56 days) in the experimental group was 20.2 g greater than in the control. Morphometric studies of the thymus, bursa and spleen showed no effect of NDC on the central and peripheral immune systems. Morphological parameters of the blood were within the physiological norm, but in the experimental group the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content were higher. The leukocyte count showed an increase in the leukocyte count (according to Garkavi LH) in the experimental group. Humoral performance was identical in both groups. Studies of cellular defense indicate no effect on the phagocytic function of peripheralblood cells. Functional and metabolic activity under the influence of NDC in the spontaneous test probably did not differ and increased in the stimulated. Therefore, quails that received nanocerium feed additive with water had a higher immunoresistance. Key words: birds, nanocerium, morphometry, thymus, natural immunity, morphological parameters of blood, hematopoiesis, humoral immunity, cellular immunity, hematological parameters. Accepted abbreviations: NDC – nanocrystalline cerium dioxide, ROS – reactive oxygen species, Nf-kB – nuclear factor - kV, Nrf-2 – nuclear factor - erythroid 2 and related factor 2.