The history of sunflower breeding in Russia is permanently connected with breeding for resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) – a parasitic plant. The most important task for the scientists was to develop vrieties resistant to broomrape. V.S. Pustovoit, L.A. Zhdanov, E.M. Plachek and other breeders have developed broomrape tolerant sunflower varieties. Their introduction into agricultural production played a huge role in keeping and increasing of sunflower productivity. As evolution of host-plant and parasite develops inseparably, during natural selection of resistant varieties and hybrids there are appeared the new more aggressive races of broomrape which are able to live and multiply. The development of the new aggressive races must be controlled permanently. It can be reached by development of the new resistant sunflower varieties and hybrids.

The variety Aladdin is the new confectionary sunflower variety. It is developed in the laboratory of OP-sunflower breeding jointly with the laboratory of genetic at the V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2014– 2020. It is developed by crossing plants of a line VK 1-imi (Imr Imr) used as a maternal form and a pollen mixture of an early maturing confectionary sunflower variety, with the further treatment by the herbicide Euro-Lightning. Later, there were conducted a multiple individual selection and estimation in progenies of families that were the best by their morphometric and economically valuable traits, tolerance to broomrape races E, F, and G and to downy mildew. The variety belongs to the middle maturity group, confectionary type. The major features of the cultivar Aladdin are its resistance to imi-herbicides, high productivity, tolerance to the main races of broomrape and downy mildew, increased level of autofertility. The variety is suitable for cultivation by Clearfield (BASF) technology. It is uniformed by plants height, flowering and maturing. A period emergence – physiological maturity is equal to 97–99 days. Weight of 1000 seeds at plant population of 25–30 thousand plants/ha exceeds 130 g.

МАСЛИЧНЫЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ. Научно-технический бюллетень Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института масличных культур. Вып. 1 (173), 2018

Analyzing Russian and foreign scientific literary sources we presented data on origin, history, current state and development prospects of the confectionary sunflower. We stated main features of confectionary sunflower compared to oil form. There is described perspective initial germplasm of confectionary sunflower from the VIR collection and collections of the other scientific institutions. We consider different direction of products use, requirements to qualitative and organoleptic traits. We stated an important role of bee-pollination in formation of high seed yields. We think it is reasonable to repurpose step by step breeding works to primary development and introduction of confectionary interline hybrids. The further perfection of scientific and research works with confectionary sunflower according to climatic changes is discussed.

We observed the diseases in crops of oil and confectionary sunflower in the environments of the central zone of the Krasnodar region in 2018–2020. There are prevailed in crops: bacterial diseases (Xanhomonas, Pseudomonas, Pectobacterium, Rhizobium), dry rot (Rhizopus Ehrenb.), rust (Puccinia helianthi Schw.) and Alternaria blight (Alternaria Nees.). The strongest bacterial blight was observed on confectionary sunflower varieties (up to 72.5%) in 2020. Frequency of dry rot varied depending on the weather conditions of a year: on oil sunflower varieties from 10.0 to 64.0%, on confectionary varieties – from 4.5 to 55%. In recent years rust infection is increased significantly. Frequency of this disease varied from 10 to 64.8% on confectionary sunflower varieties. Rust prevalence on oil sunflower varieties is from 0 to 17.5%. Alternaria blight infection was more on confectionary varieties Karavan (40%) and Conditer (42.5%). Prevalence of the dangerous quarantine disease phomopsis (Phomopsis helianthi Munt.-Cvet.) was insufficient in the years of the research and varied from 0 to 3.7% at the level of infection intensiveness of sunflower plants 0–4 scores due to 4-score scale.