The immediacy of the studied problem is in the actual status of domestic and foreign breeding and seed production. The purpose of the article is to form a modern economic system and to develop new ways of scientifically based process in the organization breeding and seed production. The research methodology was based on the systematization and comparative analysis of problems of high dependence of the Russian agricultural sector on import seeds. The leading approach in the research methodology of this problem is a system analysis based on consideration of the economy of breeding and seed production as an integral complex of interrelated elements. A mechanism for the formation of a modern economic system of breeding and seed production taking into account the directions for the development of domestic breeding and seed production, providing state support for competition, upgrading seed breeding centers, the formation of personnel potential and educational and scientific production complexes for the development of the intellectual potential of Russian breeding and seed production has been proposed. The materials of the article are of practical value for the formation of suitable state policy and ensuring the competitiveness of the scientific potential in breeding and seed production.

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Development of society is based on the existence of food resources. During the modern technogenic era, mankind needs to find a compromise between growing needs for the food and limitation of resources. Many countries still cannot use the world experience which effectively ensures food safety. Development of strategically important branches of agriculture and formation of laws according to which the basic food has to be made within the country by forces of its own producers has to become the condition of the problem solution. In Russia, a certain reserve in achievement of threshold values ensuring food safety of the state is already created. At the same time, the problem direction is the production of meat and milk. Among priorities there has to be a creation of modern infrastructure in order to decrease the storage expenses, transportation, and production realization. The agrarian policy of the Russian Federation has to be focused on the system management, including scientific, staffing and financial support, institutional modernization, the application of global experience, and also super-compliance of the economic agents’ rights.

The article discusses trends and opportunities for the development of the digitalization of agriculture. The potential of the Internet of Things (IoT) for agriculture is innovative. The rationale for this is the creation of cloud platform solutions determines the grounds for this research. Particular attention is paid to quantitative and qualitative trends in the development of the Internet of Things in agricultural production. The article analyses the benefits of the Internet of Things for agriculture and rural development. The industrial Internet of Things helps to improve the competitiveness, efficiency and safety of agricultural production. IoT platforms and mobile apps allow to control and track production along the entire value chain. They also help to make decisions with a high level of risk in agricultural production. Significant amount of the information available in the agriculture is not fully utilized. Digitalization of agriculture improves efficiency and productivity in the industry. The Internet of Things in agriculture is a promising direction of technological breakthrough for a rational resource-saving agriculture 4.0.

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